Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Transnational Aspect of Migration in Modern Globalization Process

100%

Kuriy L. O.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2013

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tom 1 (59)

176-185

EN

The multiple effects of migrants’ transnationalism such as social networks, migrant associations, collective remittances, international business activity including investments in production and investment of venture capital in countries of origin, international trade networks, remittances, brain circulation, outsourcing, formation of global skilled labor market and circular migration are analyzed in the article. The influence of these effects on the development of origin and destination countries is researched. The measures for taking advantage of transnationalism for the countries’ economic and human development are suggested.

2

THE MAIN RESEARCH AGENDAS AND ANALYTIC APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF IMMIGRATION IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES: A COMPARISON (Badania nad imigracja/etnicznoscia w Europie i Stanach Zjednoczonych: Analiza porównawcza)

100%

Morawska E.

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2009

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tom 35

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nr 1(131)

7-26

EN

The paper compares the main (i) research agendas and (ii) methodological and theoretical approaches informing current studies of immigration and ethnicity in the United States and Europe (represented by six countries: United Kingdom, France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Sweden). The latter (European) part of the report focuses on the common features of immigration and ethnic research in the countries selected for examination as compared with the American studies. In accounting for the reported similarities and differences between the two Continents, the authoress identifies the contributing circumstances in the examined societies at large as well as in the characteristics of the scholarly environment in which the research in question is conducted.

3

NARODOWA INTEGRACJA CZY EUROPEIZACJA? STRATEGIE OSOBISTE I ZAWODOWE IMIGRANTÓW EDUKACYJNYCH W PAŃSTWACH UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ

100%

Andrejuk K.

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2011

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tom 37

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nr 2(140)

148-166

EN

The article describes the main directions and reasons for educational migration in Europe as well as the Europeanization of the educational strategies of the young Poles. Those strategies are beginning to resemble the behavioural patterns of their peers from other EU countries. Nowadays, it is becoming more and more common for the Poles to take up studies abroad. The text provides an analysis of the official data about educational migration in various EU countries and a description of the author’s own research among Polish students in London based on participating observation, interviews and questionnaires. Official data about educational migration in the EU indicate that students often take up university studies in the states which share a border with the sending country. In consequence, they can keep being mobile and frequently change their place of residence. They increase their chances in the labour markets of both countries and they do not make hasty assumptions as to their country of settlement. Moreover, the analysis of the Poles studying in London indicates that educational migrants are prepared to look for a job not only in the sending country and the country of university study, but also in other European countries. The migrants educated abroad can apply for more attractive jobs in Europe, and thus they are better prepared and more prone to Europeanization or to making proper use of the EU rights connected with free movement of persons, services and capital. Their career perspectives are not limited to the sending country and the country of university study, but include also vocational projects in other EU countries. The example of the Poles in London shows that educational migrants constitute a special group, different from labour migrants. They can speak several foreign languages and have had migration experience even before taking up university studies. They are either children of multinational marriages or are in relationship with foreigners.

4

Virtual Transnationalism: Polish Migrant Families and New Technologies

100%

Pustułka P.

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2015

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tom 41

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nr 3 (157)

99–122

EN

The paper addresses the issues pertinent to a practical dimension of “virtual transnationalism”, understood as the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), especially phone and Internet communications by Polish transnational migrants in Norway, Germany and the United Kingdom. This article reviews the relevant literature on spatial mobility, family practices and technology, as well as their mutual connectivity. The findings first take a long-view on the historically emanated crucial change in the accessibility of ICTs to Poles abroad, subsequently moving on to a discussion of the matter with respect to the contemporary post-2004 migrant families. The wide-spread of technology is examined, with a resulting framework showing various engagements with ICTs, dependant on the capacity and motivation of the kinship members in both sending and receiving countries. The findings identify preconditions for using technology-enabled channels as tools for mitigating certain issues arising from separation, as well as the barriers that determine who, how and why uses (or rejects to use) the ICTs, adopting an intersectional perspective (age, skills, social capital) on the one hand, and, on the other hand, looking at individual alternative realizations of family practices beyond borders.

5

OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF NON-STATE DIALOGUE ACROSS THE FINNISH-RUSSIAN BORDER

88%

Laine J.

Annales Scientia Politica

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2014

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tom 3

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nr 1

4 – 14

EN

Increased inclusion of non-state actors in world politics has brought up the need for a wider understanding of power and agency. In a new Europe of post-national borders, the state sovereignty and authority has been weakened not just upwards and downwards, but also sideways by social movements and civil society organizations. The re-scaling of state, multileveled governance, and the cross-border initiatives fuelled by them, has initiated a transition from international to transnational relations. Reflecting this shift from de-bordering to re-bordering, the role of borderlands has changed from integrators to buffer zones. More attention needs to be paid on those actors and processes that respond to globalizing forces by propelling border-spanning activities and foster cross-border relations. Building on empirical material collected from the Finnish-Russian border, this paper argues that cross-border civil society has the potential to address bi-/transnational problems and push governments toward binational solutions.

6

PRACA I RODZINA: ROZWAŻANIA POLAKÓW MIESZKAJĄCYCH W NORWEGII O POWROCIE DO KRAJU

88%

Bivand Erdal M.

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2014

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tom 40

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nr 2(152)

41-64

EN

Post-accession emigration from Central Europe, and Poland in particular, is an important feature of contemporary migration flows in Europe. While there is now a substantial body of research on Polish migration to the UK exploring one of the largest post-accession flows, there has been less focus on other destination countries. This paper is based on a qualitative study of Polish migrants in Norway, the most common destination country in Scandinavia for post-accession migrants. The paper explores return considerations among Polish migrants in Norway through a three-fold focus: first, exploring the notion of Polish post-accession migration as liquid and temporary; second, questioning the primacy of economic factors in understanding return considerations; and third, adopting a transnational framework for the analysis. The paper argues that work and family considerations are key to migrants’ decision-making processes and experiences, and play out differently depending on highly individual circumstances. Yet, despite the fact that open borders within the EU and EEA area support the notion of «liquid migration», it is found that in migrants’ considerations about return to the country of origin, as in their lived experience, the option of a «life in motion» is not a preferred solution. Rather, for most migrants work and family have to be eventually located in one place: either here, or there.

7

K feministickému pojetí péče jako kritické kategorie sociální nerovnosti

88%

Uhde Z.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2009

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tom 45

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nr 1

9-30

EN

The authoress of this article focuses on the theoretical framework of the concept of care as a critical category of social inequality in order to outline possibilities for a redefinition of the relationship between work and care. Gender inequalities as well as inequalities that are based on other social categories, such as class, ethnicity, nationality, geopolitical location, marital status, and so on are incorporated in the social organisation of care which retrospectively reinforces them. Feminist debate has thus far formulated demands for the recognition of caring persons mainly at the national level, but the authoress of the article, referring to Arlie Hochschild and Allison Weir, shows that the current challenges of global capitalism point to the need to articulate these demands in a transnational context and to embed care in the discourse of transnational justice. She critically addresses the challenges that efforts to attain recognition for caring persons by including care as a labour-market activity are confronted with owing to the current changes in the social organisation of care under global capitalism, which involves among others the employment of marginalised groups of women and women immigrants in the caring professions. Drawing on the work of Nancy Fraser, the authoress formulates two normative criteria for reconceptualising care as a social engagement without subjecting it to the logic of market valuation.

8

“INTEGRACJA” PO POLSKU. STRATEGIE ADAPTACYJNE UCHODŹCÓW CZECZEŃSKICH W POLSCE

88%

Łukasiewicz K.

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2011

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tom 37

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nr 2(140)

201-219

EN

The article analyzes the discourse in social sciences on the process of adaptation of migrants to a host society. The discourse is based on „integration theories”. Such an approach creates some difficulties and drawbacks. Therefore, an alternative approach grounded in empirical data on Chechen refugees in Poland is presented. The model is based on the concept of „adaptive strategies”. A „strategy” stresses human agency over structural pressures. The adaptive strategies of the Chechens in Poland are expressed in two contexts, i.e. a host society, explained by „new assimilation theories,” and transnational space. The strategies are applied in the process of reconstructing everyday life and while entering the social structures of the host society. The Chechens in Poland reconstruct their everyday life following patterns acquired in Chechnya. What is more, they use modern technologies to reproduce Chechen culture in Poland. Since the assistance offered by the Polish governmental and nongovernmental institutions to refugees and asylum seekers is insufficient, it often happens that the Chechens in Poland can receive support only from members of their own community in Poland. Owing to that support they are able to survive and adapt to the new environment.

9

CHILDREN OF SÁNCHEZ 50 YEARS LATER: AGENCY OF TRANSNATIONAL CHILDREN

75%

Radziwinowiczówna: A.

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2014

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tom 40

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nr 3(153)

33-50

EN

After decades of overlooking children’s perspective, migratory and transnational studies start including children and focus on their subjectivity. The goal of this article is to expound the agency of transnational children and verify what circumscribes it. The authoress is interested in a particular situation of second-generation children who were born in the U.S. and come to Mexico, i.e. their parent’s place of origin. She also analyses cases of so-called 1.75 generation, i.e. children who (e)migrated to the U.S. in early childhood. Intergenerational decision-making over whether to depart from the U.S. and go to Mexico is a social situation in which children’s agency becomes apparent. The authoress argues that their mobility should often be called placements instead of migrations, due to the fact that adults decide about it. Although the authoress emphasizes the role of age and gender, she argues that migratory status is the most important determinant of transnational children’s agency. Hitherto nation-states have presented minors as “undeportable” and social researchers have mainly elaborated on the influence of their parents’ deportability. Precisely, the inclusion of the migratory status makes this work an important contribution to transnational studies.

10

DAWNA I WSPÓŁCZESNA ROLA POLSKIEGO DUSZPASTERSTWA W ŚRODOWISKU POLAKÓW W BERLINIE

63%

Szczepaniak-Kroll A.

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2017

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tom 43

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nr 1 (163)

201-228

PL

Migracje z Polski do Berlina mają kilkusetletnią historię. Obecnie jest to jedno z najbardziej znaczących polskich skupisk za granicą. Od kilku lat zaobserwować można proces jego transnacjonalizacji. Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie zmian funkcji polskiej parafii rzymskokatolickiej w kontekście zachodzących zmian. Transformacje migracji stają się bowiem wyzwaniem dla instytucji zajmujących się organizowaniem życia Polaków za granicą, w tym także dla Kościoła. Odzwierciedlają się w przeobrażeniach praktyk religijnych osób biorących w nich udział, w ich postawie moralnej, sposobach myślenia itd.

EN

Migrations from Poland to Berlin have a centuries-old history. Nowadays, the migration in Berlin is one of the most important centres of Polish people abroad. For several years, one can observe the process of transnationalization of this cluster. This article aims to track changes of functions in a Polish Roman Catholic parish in the context of ongoing transformations. Transformations of migration are in fact a challenge for institutions involved in the organization of life of Poles abroad, including the Church. They reflect in the evolutions of the religious practices of people taking part in them, in their moral attitude, ways of thinking and so on.

11

TERYTORIALNY WYMIAR TOŻSAMOŚCI ETNICZNEJ ORAZ STRATEGIE PODTRZYMYWANIA WIĘZI Z TERYTORIUM WŚRÓD CZŁONKÓW MNIEJSZOŚCI LITEWSKIEJ W POLSCE W SYTUACJI MIGRACJI EDUKACYJNEJ

51%

Wójcikowska K.

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2016

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tom 42

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nr 4 (162)

181–202

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza konsekwencji mobilności przestrzennej młodego pokolenia mniejszości litewskiej w Polsce dla tożsamości etnicznej jej członków (szczególnie jej terytorialnego wymiaru), strategii podtrzymywania więzi z terytorium oraz sposobu funkcjonowania grupy. Podstawę pracy stanowią badania terenowe prowadzone od czterech lat wśród członków mniejszości litewskiej, inspirowane etnografią wielomiejscową. W dotychczasowej literaturze duży nacisk kładziony był na więź mniejszości litewskiej z zajmowanym terytorium. Do końca lat 80. XX wieku migracje w tej grupie były ograniczone. Odrodzone państwo litewskie od początku wspierało przyjazdy rodaków z Polski na studia. Coraz więcej młodych ludzi opuszczało więc swoją społeczność pochodzenia, a po zakończeniu edukacji osiedlało się w litewskich miastach. W tekście pokazuję, w jaki sposób migranci przeżywają zmianę terytorium oraz jakie ma to konsekwencje dla ich strategii identyfikacyjnych i praktyk, poprzez które podtrzymują więź z ziemią. Omawiam zarówno doświadczenia osób, które po studiach wróciły do społeczności pochodzenia, jak i tych, które pozostały w Litwie i przyjęły jedną z dwóch strategii tożsamościowych (unarodowienia lub hybrydyzacji). Mimo przestrzennego oddalenia, terytorium pochodzenia pozostaje dla migrantów istotnym i pozytywnym punktem odniesienia. Następuje odejście od jednego, reprodukowanego w toku socjalizacji etnicznej modelu więzi z terytorium na rzecz jego dywersyfikacji. Przedstawiam także krytyczną ocenę skutków mobilności z perspektywy liderów etnicznych.

EN

The article aims to explore the consequences of spatial mobility of the young generation of Lithuanian minority in Poland for its members’ ethnic identity (especially its territorial dimension) and the way in which the group functions. The analysis is based on the fieldwork, conducted since 2012 among representatives of the Lithuanian minority, inspired by the “multi-sited etnography”. In the literature available, great emphasis was put on the bond between the Lithuanian minority and the borderland territory which it inhabited. Until the end of ‘80s, migrations in this group were very limited. However, a reborn state of Lithuania from its beginnings supported educational migration of its compatriots from Poland. More and more young people left their community of origin and after completing their tertiary education – settled down in Lithuanian cities.In this text I analyse how the migrants experience the change of the territory and the consequences of this process for their identification and practices. I discuss both the experiences of people who after graduation returned to their community of origin, and those who stayed in Lithuania and adopted one of two identity strategies (nationalization or hybridization). Despite the spatial distance, the territory of origin remains an important and positive point of reference. We can observe the transition from the one, reproduced in the course of ethnic socialization model of bonds with the territory to its diversification. I also present a critical attitude of the ethnic leaders toward the effects of the researched mobility.

12

ZAUFANIE, WZAJEMNOŚĆ, NIEUFNOŚĆ. MOBILNA PRAGMATYKA ŻYCIA POLSKICH MIGRANTÓW W NORWEGII

51%

Pawlak M.

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2016

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tom 42

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nr 2 (160)

51-66

PL

Zjawisko migracji w dyskursie publicznym bardzo często postrzegane i komentowane jest w ramach klasycznych dychotomii wyjazdów i powrotów; bądź też nieustannie sprowadza się je do kontekstu jednokierunkowej mobilności oraz neokomunitarnych procesów integracyjnych. Niemniej jednak dla wielu polskich migrantów poakcesyjnych to nie wyjazd, integracja czy ostateczny powrót stanowią cel migracyjnych praktyk – to raczej pewnego rodzaju „osadzanie się w mobilności” okazuje się podstawowym elementem pragmatyki ich życia. Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie zależności zachodzących w ramach prowadzenia takiego mobilnego życia przez migrantów przemieszczających się pomiędzy Polską i Norwegią, ich pragmatycznym osadzaniem się w danych sieciach społecznych oraz kontekstami zaufania, wzajemności i nieufności, które często stanowią konteksty tożsamościowej inkluzji bądź ekskluzji.

EN

In Polish policy circles, despite empirical evidence to the contrary, much of Polish international migration is still debated within traditional conceptual frameworks that regard migration as a unidirectional movement from a country of origin to a country of destination, resulting in settlement or a return home. These conceptualizations however do not reflect contemporary trajectories of Polish migration, which have become much moredifferentiated after the EU enlargement leading to a diversity of migration trajectories. The article aims to explore a complex interplay between the strategies of “settling on the move” and migrants’ embeddedness in pragmatic networks, where trust, reciprocity and mistrust play a pivotal role that may lead to social inclusion or exclusion.