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1

PORTUGUESE IDIOMS AND WORDS DIFFICULT TO TRANSLATE INTO POLISH - BASING ON 'WIECZNA PRZADKA' (A INFINITA FIADEIRA) BY MIA COUTO

100%

Jankowski J.

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2007

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nr 2(4)

205-214

EN

The article presents problems met by Polish translator of Portuguese 'Wieczna przadka' by Mia Couto and ways of solving them according to cognitive-communicative strategy proposed by K. Hejwowski (2004). The annex contains working version of the translation. The best solutions of the described problems are presented in there.

2

THREE FROM THE SINO-EUROPEAN BABEL: CHERKASSKY, MALMQVIST, KUBIN AND TRANSLATION OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY CHINESE POETRY IN EUROPE

63%

Galik M.

Asian and African Studies

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2005

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tom 14

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nr 2

158-166

EN

The article is dedicated to Wolfgang Kubin at his sixteenth birthday on December 15, 2005. The author informs about translations of modern Chinese literature in Europe, which started in the 1930s and 1940s, and continued in 1950s and 1960s. After the 1970s even more translations in different, especially Western European countries appeared. Not all translators of the last three decades of the twentieth century are treated in the article. Only three, according to the author's knowledge, the most important, are briefly analysed. They are: Leonid E. Cherkassky (1925-2003), former Russian Sinologist working in Moscow, and later in Israel, Göran Malmqvist (*1924), Professor Emeritus of Stockholm University and a member of the Swedish Academy, and Wolfgang Kubin (*1945), Director of the Sinological Institute of Bonn University.

3

TEÓRIA SIETE-AKTÉROV A POJEM PREKLADU

63%

Gogora A.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2013

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tom 68

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nr 9

800 – 811

EN

The paper concentrates on the concept of translation, which is the main constitutive part of the actor-network theory. It offers a general definition of the concept and with the help of selected examples it shows its methodical and interdisciplinary potential. The aim is to outline different conceptions of translation as articulated by the representatives of the actor-network theory as well as its applicability in various disciplines. The attention is paid also to the transforming function of the concept in the process of its methodical development.

4

LEXICAL DUALS. TYPOLOGICAL IDEAS REGARDING TRANSLATION EQUIVALENTS OF GERMAN 'BEIDE' IN CROSS LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE

63%

Stolz T. , Khizanishvili Y. , Levkovych N.

|

2007

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tom 49

17-48

EN

ALexical duals are expressions which are assigned lexeme status and whose semantic description involves the feature (two). In contrast to grammatical duals, lexical duals have not been in the focus of cross-linguistic research. The paper tries to demonstrate that it makes sense typologically to compare lexical duals in the languages of the world. The authors provide a pilot study of translation equivalents of English both in a sample of 120 languages world-wide. This survey of the formal interrelationship of expressions of BOTH and TWO is complemented by four case-studies on lexical duals in Norwegian, Maltese, Ukrainian and Georgian. The authors discuss markedness relations and the structural properties of four language types which emerge from a detailed analysis of lexical duals.

5

The Generality of Pedagogy and the Problem of Translation (In the Context of Doubts about 'the Fall of Great Narrations' Thesis)

51%

Rutkowiak J.

Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 4(198)

29-43

EN

The authoress presents her doubts about Lyotard's thesis of 'the fall of Great Narrations' as a result of considering the chances of embracing the generality of pedagogy rooted in the contemporary contexts characterized by revealing and opposing specific cultural phenomena. She claims that the Great Narrations are still alive and function alongside multiple and dispersed in reality 'minor narrations'. The claim raises in turn the questions: (1) do we consider the issue of Great Narrations - a distinct cultural phenomenon - as particularly important for the reflection on the generality of pedagogy and particularly for justifying its universal position? (2) is the presence of 'minor narrations' in culture important for considering the generality of pedagogy in relation to its position on particularities? (3) how can the above points of view be linked while searching for contemporary principles of generality of pedagogy? The authoress suggests considering the project of general pedagogy as constant inter and intra-narrative translation assuming that the process facilitates mutual understanding. For the sake of such cognitive endeavor it would be essential to utilize the resources of translation theories in which on the one hand the principles of 'good' translation are established but on the other hand the possibilities of achieving universal language are questioned.

6

SUMMER SCHOOL OF TRANSLATION

51%

Keniz A.

World Literature Studies

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2009

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tom 1(18)

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nr 4

80 – 88

EN

The article is analysis and evaluation of the regular meetings of Slovak translators, known as Summer school of translation. The founder of summer school of translation was A. Popovič who at that time worked in the Division of Literary Communication and Experimental Methodology at the Pedagogical Faculty in Nitra. The aim of this school was education of young literary-scientific and journalistic generation, as well as development of translation practice, history, theory and criticism of translation.

7

On the Very Idea of Radical Interpretation

51%

Chmielewski A.

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2008

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tom 17

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nr 4(68)

207-222

EN

The aim of this paper is threefold; its first part contains an account of the Quinean argument in which he elaborated the idea of radical interpretation. Secondly, several historical and theoretical facts are cited in order to demonstrate that Quine not only influenced Richard Rorty, the postmodernist, but also point to interesting affinities between Quinean and Derridean conceptions of language, something which continues to worry advocates of empiricist realism. The paper concludes with a metaphilosophical argument according to which the idea of inscrutability of reference, relativism, holism and other Quinean doctrines which put him at odds with the traditional dogmas of realism, need not be seen as particularly troubling; the argument is supported by an extended metaphor of the translator's work as consisting in an attempt at identifying appropriate meanings in different languages, while the languages themselves are compared to partly isolated shoals on which octopi dance continually holding each other by their all multiple flexible hands.

8

DILEMMAS OF TRANSLATION (IN THE MARGIN OF TRANSLATIONS FROM BIBLICAL HEBREW)

51%

Terminska K.

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2008

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tom 29

7-13

EN

Having accepted Quine's conception of translation, which argues for the necessity of placing the original within the framework of the previously made translation of the ontological theory, within which text functions, the author of this paper defends Searle's principle of expressibility, which is only outwardly undermined by the impossibility of a literal translation of concepts expressed in the three Platonic virtues and three watchwords of the French Revolution into biblical Hebrew. Text is sustained through its sense. However, this sense depending on the ontology implanted in the natural language cannot be - as a relational being - exhausted in the never - completed translation.

9

Nazwy własne a lokalizacja gier elektronicznych fantasy - o potrzebie przekładu oraz wybranych tendencjach w tłumaczeniu gier anglojęzycznych na rynek polski i niemiecki

51%

Inglot K.

Homo Ludens

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2013

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nr 1(5)

73-82

EN

The article concerns localization of electronic fantasy games with special attention to proper names. The paper touches upon the role and tasks of a game localizer and briefly analyzes the process of developing and translating a fantasy game, its setting and its culture. Trends in game localization on the Polish and German market are also explored and exemplified. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the necessity to localize invented proper names in electronic fantasy games.

10

CAUSAL UNCERTAINTY AND TRANSLATION

51%

Munková D. , Hodáková S. , Welnitzová K.

Studia Psychologica

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2014

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tom 56

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nr 3

221 – 232

EN

This study is aimed at causal uncertainty (CU) as a personal self-construct in a social environment and its influence on the translation process, focusing on the relationship between an individual causal uncertainty and selected indicators of translation or interpreting (free/literal translation, adequacy/inadequacy translation, language fluency of translation and the quality of interpreting into the mother tongue). For this purpose the CUS scale was used and regression analysis was applied. The results showed a statistically significant influence of causal uncertainty of an individual on a willingness to apply for internship abroad and on a tendency to literal/free translation.

11

Molecular biology of the genus Pestivirus

51%

Stadejek T. , Pejsak Z.

Biotechnologia

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1993

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nr 2

63-68

EN

Molecular characteristics of the genome of the genus Pestivirus are presented. Differences in the genome organization between various viruses are described. The mechanism of the regulation of the RNAtranscription and the translation processes are shown. The function of the structural and unstructural proteins produced by the viruses are also discussed in this review.

12

KULTÚRA PREKLADU – REÁLIE Z ANTICKEJ KULTÚRY AKO PREKLADATEĽSKÝ PROBLÉM

51%

Koželová A.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

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2016

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tom 20

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nr 1

290 – 296

EN

Language skills are not enough to understand a text correctly when translating. The Greeks and Romans left a legacy that is present in the languages of all cultural nations. To understand it properly and then interpret it, it is important to know a broader context. The term realia is Latin for „real things“ and in translation studies, is used to refer to concepts which are found in a given source culture but not in a given target culture. That‘s why the translators need and have to consult with an expert in Classical Philology.

13

Expressiva w wierszach księdza Jana Twardowskiego i ich rosyjskich przekładach

51%

Dworakowska B. E.

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2013

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nr 13

51-66

EN

The subject of research in this article are Jan Twardowski’s poems translated into Russian and compared to their original Polish versions. The purpose of the study was to check whether formal-esthetical equivalence within the scope of expressive names’ translation has been achieved. The issue of stylistic devices is crucial for poetry. The analysis of the original Polish texts indicates a conscious use of *diminutives or *augmentatives by the author in order to approximate a religious sphere to a reader. The comparison of bitexts allows one to establish the techniques used by the translators in the translation process (literary translation, reproduction, tropization, detropization), aiming at achieving the equivalent esthetic eﬀect and transposing an innovative language of faith to the level of Russian language and culture.

14

O elementach idiolektu w przekładzie

51%

Szerszunowicz J.

Język a Kultura

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2011

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tom 22

71-87

EN

The focal issue of the paper is the translation of elements of the idiolect (personal dialect, individual style), i.e. language of a given language user, which is influenced by various factors, such as age, education, occupation, interests and others. The term idiolect is discussed briefly with a focus on its importance in a cross-linguistic perspective. The translation of idiolect is a complex process, the first step of which is multiaspectual analysis of the idiolect, covering phonetic, lexical, phraseological, grammatical and other characteristics. Selected elements of idiolect are discussed and exemplified with the idiolectal elements from the spoken Polish excerpts recorded by the author who interviewed ten people for the purpose of the research study on the informal spoken variety of the Polish language. Certain practical solutions proposed for the translation of some elements of idiolect, including lexemes, phraseological units and grammar structures, genres are also presented and discussed.

15

TRANSLATION OF MAGDEBURG LAW AS A SOURCE OF HISTORICKY SLOVNIK SLOVENSKEHO JAZYKA (HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF SLOVAK LANGUAGE) (Preklad Magdeburskeho prava ako pramen Historickeho slovnika slovenskeho jazyka))

51%

Kuchar R.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2010

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tom 75

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nr 4-5

225-232

EN

The paper deals with translation of Magdeburg Law from 1473. It compares adequacy with a transcript published by I. T. Piirainen (1972). It uncovers a relatively big inaccuracy in a translation of particular words and utterances that were used (often without any verification) in the Historical Dictionary of Slovak Language (1991 - 2008). On the one hand, there are some words and passages in the translation of Magdeburg Law that have not been translated at all, thus preserving their original form. On the other hand, there is also a relatively frequent occurrence of a text that had been added or a word or a sentence that had been repeated by the translator, which is a typical stylistic phenomenon for historical scientific text and language used in law.

16

Over de transfer van Poolse cultuurgebonden elementen bij de vertaling. Enkele theoretische overwegingen

51%

Tryczyńska K.

Neerlandica Wratislaviensia

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2010

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tom 19

159-173

EN

Translation of literature which refers to the cultural code being a communication tool of a certain community poses a significant challenge. The Dutch translator of Dukla, Karol Lesman, encountered and had to face difficulties resulting from certain cultural differences. The author discusses firstly the theoretical side of this matter, and secondly focuses on the outlined problems and on some of the choices made by the translator so as to draw conclusions concerning the consequences these decisions have for the outcome of the translation process and to state to what extent the couleur locale of the source text has been preserved. The topic in question is analyzed from the perspective of the target text reader using the example of some aspects whichappeared to be vital for the research.

17

Deutsche entlehnte Rechtsterminials Ableitungsbasen polnischer Ortsnamen

51%

Bily I.

Germanica Wratislaviensia

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2012

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tom 136

73-81

EN

Legal language belongs to the oldest technical languages. Like other technical languages it is characterized by specific vocabulary. The material our remarks are based on is part of the corpus of the project “Saxon-Magdeburg law as a cultural connecting link between the legal norms of Eastern and Middle Europe” at the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig. This project investigates the spread of the “Saxon Mirror” and the law of Magdeburg in Eastern and Middle Europe. Working on such a topic means considering the results of several fields of knowledge. Within the scope of the German-Polish word comparison of the “Magdeburg judgements” we have mainly asked: How have the words typical for the Saxon-Magdeburg law been adopted into Polish? And which parts have translations, loanwords and explaining paraphrases?

18

Perspektywa gender w socjologii a tlumaczenia

51%

Desperak I.

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2011

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tom 7

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nr 2

84-93

EN

Paper focuses on the role of translation in building and widening of sociological horizon. It points out the significance of quantity, quality, up-to-dateness, availability, and indispensability of translations. It also analyses functions of didactic texts' (textbooks and readers) translations defining, together with academic publications, the borders of sociological mainstream canons. The paper shows how translations have broadened sociological mainstream by gender perspective, and mentions crucial translations from this field. The analysis includes examples of texts not present in the canon - still not translated into Polish or translated too late, and those translated early enough to enter the canon.

19

Проблематика описового і зіставного вивчення польської та української й російської мов

51%

Рисіч Ю.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

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2010

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tom 152

121-129

EN

This article is devoted to the review of scientific researches of the Ukrainian and Polish Slavists for the last 20 years in the field of confrontative studies of the language facts from a minimum of two compared languages. A focus is brought to questions of the most current and prospective studies from the point of view of small light exposure and breadth of their distribution, including translation studies.

20

Transgene expression in plant cell

51%

Niemirowicz-Szczytt K. , Bartoszewski G.

Biotechnologia

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2000

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nr 4

11-23

EN

Transgene incorporation in plant genome does not mean that the gene will be active and will show expression at the required level. It is often the case that transgenic plants do not exhibit the activity of the gene introduced. Gene expression is known to be dependent on many factors such as: chimeric gene structure, proper and stable integration to the genome and proper transcription and translation. The knowledge of transgene regulation is essential for the understanding of the transcription and translation mechanisms. Each plazmid component is vital for later transgene expression. This refers to the size of T-DNA introduced, location of particular elements, leader sequences length, AUG sequences, introns presence, optimum coding gene synthesis, removal of RNA instability signals and many other possible modifications.