Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Ludność żydowska w rzemiośle i wczesnej produkcji przemysłowej na Białorusi w pierwszej połowie XIX w.

100%

Stępniewska-Holzer B.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2008

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tom 68

13-33

EN

The crafts comprised the prime source of employment for the Jews in Byelorussia and the basic branch of their economy. As late as the end of the nineteenth century the Jews dominated in this domain: in the towns of certain gubernias they constituted 80% of all craftsmen, and some of the crafts were almost totally controlled by them. The crisis of both Christian and Jewish guilds progressed as the capitalist enterprises grew stronger. During the 1830s the tradesmen’s capital, amassed since the first decade of the nineteenth century, served the growth of Jewish factories. The latter were by no means large-scale ventures, and in the following decades, in particular in Byelorussia, they did not compete with large industrial enterprises with state treasury capital but were based on an unskilled and cheap labour force. The Jewish factories in western Byelorussia, gradually developing in the mid-nineteenth century and working predominantly for the needs of the textile branch, began employing pauperised Jewish apprentices. Steadily, they faced the competition of state enterprises with their modernised machinery park and relatively better work conditions.

2

Handel polsko-niemiecki w latach 1918–2006 (uwarunkowania i etapy rozwoju)

100%

Kowal S.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2008

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tom 68

151-172

EN

The economic relations between Poland and Germany from the end of the First World War to 1996, perceived mainly from the Polish viewpoint, were marked by three attempts at an intensification of trade. The first took place in the wake of the outbreak of a customs war in the middle of 1925. At the time, representatives of the German economic circles and the Polish economic spheres, supported by the Polish government, embarked upon efforts to sign a trade treaty. A conspicuous commercial boost occurred in the 1970s, when upon the basis of imported technologies and foreign credits the Polish authorities intended to modernise Polish industry, with prime attention concentrated on West Germany. The third period in trade intensification accompanied the advantageous privatisation conducted in Poland during the 1990s. This process was favoured by an inflow of German capital as part of direct foreign investments and by Poland’s access to the European Union.

3

Z DEJÍN OBCHODU NA SPIŠI (15. – 17. STOROČIE)

100%

Lengová M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2012

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tom 15

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nr 2

-

EN

This article describes the main developments in trading activities in the Spiš region. This region was a major trading area, which boasted important international trading routes from prehistoric times. Settlements were built on and near these trading routes, later giving rise to the markets. The settlements engaged in international trade in the Spiš region as early as in the thirteenth century. Besides the chief trading centres of Kežmarok and Levoča, there were numerous medium-sized cities, which have also developed into important trading centres. For this reason, competition among these cities was characteristic of the economic development in this region.

4

Market access issues for transgenic plants in Canada and abroad

100%

Anderson B.

Biotechnologia

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2000

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nr 2

34-40

EN

In this paper the factors affecting the commercialization of ag-biotech products in Canada destined for international markets. Public acceptance issues, lack of internationally harmonized regulatory systems and data requirements, politicized regulatory systems, intellectual property rights, unclear and inconsistent labeling laws, and the current uncertainty cultivated by the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Biosafety Protocol, all contribute to market access barriers for Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are discussed.

5

Czy Śląsk stanowił region ekonomiczny w XII-XV w.? Czynniki spajające i dezintegrujące terytorium regionalne pod względem gospodarczym

100%

Myśliwski G.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2012

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tom 67

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nr 4

79–102

EN

This article constitutes an attempt at answering the question whether Silesia, aside from being a distinct historical region was also a distinct economic region. The author starts with Robert E. Dickinson’s theory of economic regions, the basic assumptions of which are shared by contemporary researchers of regional economies. Economic resources, similar economic policies of Silesian rulers in the 13th and 14th centuries, high, in comparison to neighbouring regions, level of urbanisation and the centralising capacity of Wrocław are considered to be the binding forces of the Silesian economic region. Factors retarding the economic cohesion of Silesia were analysed as well. Those were as follows: natural disasters, invasions, internal strife, criminal activity on trade routes, as well as a crisis within the mining industry since the middle of the 14th century. Since the final years of the 13th century Silesia became an economic region containing Upper Silesia, Lower Silesia and Opava. This was not, however a pure cohesion, seeing as Lower Silesia was economically superior to the other regions, while they had strong ties to Lesser Poland. Despite that the crisis events that took place from about 1350 until 1450 did not cause cessation of economic bonds between these three constituents of Silesia. In comparison to every bordering, historical and economic region, the region of Silesia was distinct due to advanced gold mining industry, export of red dyeing agent (marzanna) as well as the highest number of cities with population of 3,000 to 14,000. Further distinct properties of Silesian economy are noticeable in comparison with other distinct historical regions.

6

Hlobalizatsiia yak zakonomirnist rozvytku suchasnoi ekonomiky Ukrainy

100%

Kosyk Y. V. , Chyhryn O. Y.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2011

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tom 2 (52)

191-196

EN

The article analyzes the impact of globalization on the national economic of Ukraine. Problems of positive and negative aspects of globalization of economy of Ukraine are illuminated. We consider a program to improve the competitiveness of Ukrainian economy in the globalized world.

7

„Jesteśmy za biedni, aby urlop spędzać w kraju”. Masowa turystyka i nielegalny handel w latach sześćdziesiątych XX w. Perspektywa polska

100%

Kochanowski J.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2008

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tom 68

125-150

EN

In the second half of the 1960s consent to tourist trips to socialist countries instantly affected the development of an unofficial trade exchange involving, on a literally mass-scale, the citizens of those countries, with the Poles, the Hungarians and the Yugoslavs in the forefront. The purpose of the 'tourist trade' was to obtain commodities unavailable, expensive or difficult to purchase at home as well as to make a profit. This is the reason why the phenomenon, which fulfilled various social needs, was to a considerable extent tolerated (if not outright inspired) by the authorities. In the course of a single decade the 'tourist trade', which increasingly often transcended also the Iron Curtain, resulted in a professional penetration of markets and recognition of the scale of the existing shortages, requirements, potential and profits and, as a consequence, in devising new supra-system commercial strategies, quite independent of state institutions.

8

INTERNATIONALIZATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE NEW MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

75%

Lejko I. , Bojnec Š.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 4

335 – 348

EN

The paper analyses the internationalization of the economies in ten new member states (NMS-10) of the European Union (EU) using panel data for the period 2000 – 2008 in a regression framework analysis. The degree of internationalization is measured by foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade openness. The focus is on the association between FDI and economic growth. We have confirmed moderate positive effect of inward FDI on growth of gross domestic product (GDP), but not for outward FDI and trade openness. Investment to GDP ratio and employment growth are positively associated with economic growth, and vice versa rate of inflation and government final consumption expenditure as a percentage of GDP.

9

A LOST CONTINET: THE POLITICAL COMMUNITIES OF ANCIENT THRACE

75%

Archibald Z. H.

Eirene. Studia Graeca et Latina

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2010

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tom 46

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nr 1-2

163-168

EN

The tiny community of Drys in the Samothracian peraia on the mainland of the north-east Aegean provides a case study for examining the relationship between this entity and its neighbours, both within the network of Samothracian outposts, and beyond into the interior of Thrace. The survival of an honorary inscription from Zone, mentioning the community of the Dryitai, allows a broader understanding of the relationship between Drys as a documented and constituted political entity and its relevance as a model for how Thracian settlements of the interior may be reconsidered in the light of recent field study and historical research.

10

Otsinyuvannya efektyvnosti systemy lohistyky pidpryyemstva torhivli

75%

Mishchuk I. P.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2012

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tom 4 (58)

102-110

EN

The essence and directions of logistic activity in trade is specifiedin the article. The methodical ways of trade enterprise logistic activity efficiency essence determination and its measuring are analyzed. The necessity of logistic system efficiency evaluation with the use of adapted to the logistic activity specific trade indexes is grounded. The methodical ways of trade enterprises logistic activity efficiency measuring and management by system of indicators is offered.

11

TRADE AND CIVILIZATION IN THE HISTORY AND THE EVOLUTION OF CIVILIZATIONS (PROLOGOMENA)

75%

Vorel P.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2011

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tom 109

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nr 2

193-217

EN

Trade relations played always a substantial role in the historical development. Often, these were present in the background of major war conflicts and social unrests. This paper traces the mechanism of mutual civilization influencing of various cultures that possess different hierarchies of value, however, at the period researched, these came to a comparable level of social and technical development. Bilaterally advantageous trade relations acted as a form of transmission of civilization models into other cultures.

12

Praha – Vratislav, vzájemné vztahy v období raného novověku

51%

Fejtova O.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2008

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tom 106

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nr 1

54-79

EN

This contribution presents a comparison of the results of research up to present time of Silesian-Czech relations, or the levels of communication between both land metropolises, Prague and Wroclaw, in the Early Modern Age, based on the opportunities for study of archival material in the Wroclaw State Archives and the Municipal Archives of Prague. It throws light upon the structure of preserved archival material which can be used for the given purpose; methods of their evaluation, and the perspectives for future research. In its conclusion there is a foray into several groups of resources from the fields of trade, crafts, religion, and the migration of inhabitants, which confirms the limited contacts between the two cities in the Early Modern Age, also mentioned in literature and Shifts in these contacts only occurred in connection with changes of political development.