Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

JAN SZCZEPANSKI'S 'ISSUE OF TIME'

100%

Tarkowska E.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2005

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tom 49

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nr 5(392)

11-22

EN

The authoress characterizes the issue of time in Jan Szczepanski's works against the popularity of the issue in contemporary sociology. She analyses the role of personal experiences as important inspiration in the research of the time issue. She presents 'fantasies', as typical of Jan Szczepanski's approach to the subject, the idea of time variety and, which is associated with it, the acquisition of interdisciplinary attitude to the phenomena. Eventually, she characterizes the typical of Jan Szczepanski understanding of time as a devastating force, and 'the issue of time' associated with passing by as one of the essential human tasks.

2

Problematyka rozszerzenia NATO na łamach „Time’a” i amerykańskiego wydania „Newsweeka” w latach 1997–1999

51%

Kowalski K.

Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne

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2010

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tom 11

184-203

EN

The article examines the issue of the first NATO enlargement after 1989. The text investigates selected texts covering the issue in its final stage and published in two American weeklies, „Time” and „Newsweek” between 1997 and 1999. Therefore, the geopolitical context of contemporary international relations (especially Russian attitude) was also weaved into narrative of the article. The analysis takes into account the degree of two weeklies’ interest in the issue and their attitude toward American diplomatic efforts regarding the accession of the new states to NATO – possible trends and fluctuations. The author’s intention was also to evaluate whether there was only one point of view relating the NATO enlargement, or whether the publications under research revealed a wide range of approaches on the matter.

3

In the Beginning Was the Word

51%

Skarga B.

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2004

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tom 13

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nr 2(50)

5-10

EN

Time and music both impart a certain sense of continuity and succession on our imagination. Moreover, music always begins from a few first notes that activate our inventiveness and make us imagine how the melody will run further on. Similarly our conscious life begins from a few initial presupposition that we can develop and continue in different directions. In both cases the beginnings are of utmost importance. They promise more that life usually permits, introduce a sense of rhythm and order, open new horizons and probe the limits of our liberty. It is also interesting that both time and music are open to retrospective reinterpretations. The actual point of departure is to some extent arbitrary and/or conventionally imposed. The continuation is exposed to a risk of dissonance or a wasted opportunity. But it can also lead to unexpected or undeserved satisfaction. Finally the effect can mean many different things to different people.

4

Problems with the Ontic Status of Time

51%

Lagosz M.

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2005

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tom 14

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nr 3(55)

169-187

EN

The author refers to the classic controversy between substantialism, attributivism and relationism in the ontic analysis of time. He is persuaded that the substantialist interpretation of time is erroneous and tries to make his point by citing the methodological postulate of Occam's Razor. On the positive side, he argues that the temporal relationism is the best position in the debate. Finally, he discusses tenses and comments on their ontic status.

5

ČASOVÁ A PRIESTOROVÁ SUBORDINÁCIA V SYSTÉME FILMOVEJ OBRAZOVEJ SKLADBY

51%

Palúch M.

Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)

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2013

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tom 61

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nr 1

3 – 14

EN

Applying the theory of temporal and spatial subordination, the study attempts to define on the given examples the spatial and temporal relationships that occur in the film composition. The author starts with the assumption that we can talk about spatial composition in the film when the subordination of time occur in two consecutive shots and the circumstances of time and space remain the same. In such cases, we talk about the time subordination whereas considering spatial composition anomalies always occur, such as distortions of objective time, its shortening or lengthening, at the expense of spatial relationships. On the other hand, we are able to distinguish time composition when it comes to subordination of space. We talk about it when in the variable point between two shots the space-time circumstances are changing on the basis of adhesion. In these connections, there will always be recognizable and radical shifts in time, while the possibility of variability of these connections may develop in several standard directions on the basis of linear logic: chronologically, retrospectively, or simultaneously in the parallels, hypothetically or through certain predisposition.

6

Surviving time in the thought of today's Maya

51%

Binkova P.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2004

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tom 52

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nr 1

57-65

EN

A long-term study of the material preserved concerning the structure, character and modes of organization of the Maya shows that for them the concept of time represents one of the main bases for the perception of the world and universe as well as for grasping the existence of individual as such. The intensity with which this ancient civilization focussed on the concept of time is given by the fact that time for them was not only quantitative, but also a qualitative dimension influencing the actions of each individual. This can be demonstrated by their calendar which consists of three mutually related temporal cycles of differing lengths and sequences that proceed as three circles of different size constantly rotating next to each other and together. This precisely worked out mechanism enabled its users to express many-layered parallel perceptions of time and space. The basic unit of measurement of the whole mechanism is not a year but a day. This allows the use of the calendar in basically every fundamental sphere of life of members of these communities. Although in the course of the colonialism and afterwards basically all pre-Columbian Mayan traditions underwent differing degrees of assimilation or transformation, the exceptional place of the meaning of time and temporality in the value system of the Maya allowed the preservation of the original calendar, or at least its parts, up to today. For us these pieces of knowledge are first of all an important source of information for the understanding of the most basic life goal of all Maya, which was and is attaining harmony with reality which they perceived and experienced.

7

OBRAZ - ČAS VO FOTO – ROMÁNE CHRISA MARKERA RAMPA (LA JETÉE, 1962)

51%

Fehérová D.

Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 4

435 – 444

EN

The study deals with and analyses temporal relationships reflected in the technical images – still photographs and films. It describes the means of how the visual elements in both, photography and film shot relate to the perception of subjective, artistic and intrinsic time. On the example of the French film / photo-novel The Pier (directed by Chris Marker, 1962), the author of this paper derives the variable temporal relationships, captured in the still image of a single photograph and subsequently as part of a photography series, or in a single film frame, and then within the larger narrative unit or in other words within the sequences of shots. At the same time, on the examples of the film and in accordance with the theoretical concepts of Gilles Deleuze (1985), the author defines immediate time - image, based on the simultaneity of the three implicated presents: a presence of the past, a presence of the present and a presence of the future.

8

TEMPORAL ASPECT IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS

51%

Surowik D.

|

2009

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nr 17(30)

7-12

EN

In the information society, there exists an irresistible need, one may even say a necessity, to acquire and comprehend knowledge. Equipped with a sufficient level of knowledge and defined rules of inference, we are able to undertake specific decisions. In order to attain better representation and exploration of the ever expanding knowledge resources and to undertake appropriate decisions, we create constantly improved means of representing knowledge and enhanced methods of modelling situations for the real world. The language of classical logic is an appropriate tool for the formal description of statistical incidents. Incidents taking place in time require a novelapproach. The power of expression, enabling a formal description of the time component, is made possible by the language of temporal logic.

9

Creative Time Synchronizations: Proximal and Grounded Pasts, Presents, and Futures

51%

Harkins A. M. , Kubik G. H. , Moravec J.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2008

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tom 17/30

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nr 1

143-157

EN

The purpose of this paper is to present a new paradigm and an innovative technology for thinking about the future. The concept of time synchronization is introduced as a technology to improve individual competency for balancing the continuous construction of reinterpreted pasts, presents and futures in order to cope with the acceleration of change, complexity, and uncertainty. This new paradigm is driven by recognition of three factors: 1) Humans are both conservative and novelty generating. 2) Novelty is a key factor of life and humans address novelty through pattern-evolving creativity. 3) Reality is defined through the unique ability of humans to anticipate and define experience in terms of pattern and category. This article asserts that rapidly expanding human plurality and novelty require new models concerning relationships of past, present, and future. Such models should adequately address the rapidly changing and more complex conditions in which they are constructed and deconstructed, including the expanding opportunities that accompany them.

10

BEFORE HISTORY: THE CHIEF FORMS OF TIME (Przed historia: archaiczne formy czasu)

51%

Juszczak W.

Konteksty - Polska Sztuka Ludowa

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2009

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tom 63

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nr 3(286)

EN

Only through time time is conquered - Eliot wrote. Discussing the conceptions expounded by St. Augustine, Aristotle, Mircea Eliade, Francis Cornford, Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, Maryla Falk, and John S. Mbiti relating to ancient Greece and India, Christianity and African religions, the author attempted to capture the essence of the paradox of time, and to describe the moment of the transition from myth to history.

11

Visual perception in space and time ? mapping the visual field of temporal resolution

51%

Poggel D. A. , Strasburger H.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2004

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tom 64

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nr 3

427-437

EN

To characterize temporal aspects of information processing in the human visual field, we studied the topographical distribution of temporal and non-temporal performance parameters in 95 normally sighted subjects. Visual field maps of double-pulse resolution thresholds (DPR) (the minimum detectable temporal gap between two light stimuli) and simple visual reaction times (RT) (measuring the speed of reaction to a light stimulus) were compared to maps of luminance thresholds determined by standard perimetry. Thus, for the first time, the topography of a visual variable without temporal constraints (perimetry) could be compared to visual variables in the temporal domain, with (RT) and without (DPR) motor reaction. The goal of the study was to obtain and to describe the pattern of co-variation of performance indicators. In all three measures, performance was best in the central visual field and dropped significantly towards the periphery. Although the correlation between DPR and RT was significant, shared variance was low, and we observed large topographical differences between these two temporal-performance variables. In contrast, DPR and perimetric thresholds correlated more substantially, and visual field maps were similar. The Gestalt of DPR maps shares characteristics of basic visual processing (e.g., light sensitivity), but it also reflects top-down influences, i.e., from spatial attention. Although the correlation between DPR and RT suggests common characteristics between these two temporal variables, the topographic distributions reveal significant differences, indicating separate underlying processing mechanisms.

12

Zrození moderního umělce a kritika v Čechách: umění, věda a objevení času

51%

Andel J.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2008

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tom 17/30

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nr 2

133-147

EN

In his article, the author traces the changes that took place in both art and science in the Czech Lands in the course of the 19th century. In the works and commentaries of such painters as Karel Purkyne or Sobeslav Pinkas, he finds early signals of the emergence of modern art. Even the scientific findings of Karel Purkyne's father, J. E. Purkyne, a renowned natural scientist of his era, divulge links to modern art-forms, such as cinematography. The exchange between art and science is apparent, for example, in the geological inspiration for Adolf Kosarek's paintings. What is particular about such works and scientific endeavors is their disruption of the static imagery and emphasis on the flow of time. The rise of urbanism and, consequently, of individualism, brought the passing and linear conception of time to the fore. Andel claims that this 'discovery of time' was a crucial element in constituting both the modern artist and critic.

13

MIGRACJE I CZAS - MŁODZI POLACY W IRLANDII W ŚWIETLE JAKOŚCIO-WEGO BADANIA PANELOWEGO

51%

Salamońska J.

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2012

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tom 38

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nr 3(145)

111-132

EN

This article brings time as independent variable to the study of migrations. The analysis focuses on Polish migrants to Ireland who were followed within the framework of the Qualitative Panel Study (QPS) of Migrant Careers and Aspirations project. The QPS was carried out as the situation in Ireland went from a boom to a recession. The study tracked changes in the respondents' biographies. Studying migration across different points in time suggests that decisions about geographical mobility are not one-off but negotiated as circumstances change. Furthermore, both economic and non-economic factors are crucial to their understanding.

14

ANALYSIS OF TIME REFERENCES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE BY MEANS OF TRANSPARENT INTENSIONAL LOGIC

51%

Duží M. , Macek J.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

|

2018

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tom 25

|

nr 1

21 – 40

EN

In this paper, the authors deal with sentences containing time references like ‘five years ago’, ‘three years older’, ‘in five seconds’. It turns out that such sentences are pragmatically incomplete, because there is an elliptic reference to a calendar that makes it possible to determine the length of the time interval associated with time duration like a year, month, day, or to compute the time interval denoted by terms like ‘February 29, 2016’. Since Transparent Intensional Logic (TIL) takes into account two modal parameters, namely possible worlds of type ω and times of type τ, and this system is particularly apt for the analysis of natural language expressions, our background theory is TIL. Within this system, the authors define time intervals, calendar time durations, and last but not least a method for adding and multiplying time durations in a way that takes into account the leap days and leap seconds. As sample applications, they analyse two sentences, to wit, “A year has 365 days” and “Adam is 5 years older than Bill”.

15

Nowoczesne metody leczenia ran w opiece środowiskowej – opis przypadku

51%

Sepioło A. , Mroczek B. , Modrzejewski A.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2012

|

nr 1

91-96

16

WHAT DOES THE BACKWARD CAUSATION EXPLAIN

51%

Jastrzembska Z.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2008

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tom 15

|

nr 3

345-357

EN

The paper deals with some questions that are closely related to the problem of backward causation according to which an effect precedes its cause in time. It focuses on two main points: Firstly, the paper shows that the crucial argument against backward causation is underlied by certain assumptions that are hard to reject. Secondly, the explanatory power of backward causation is discussed in the paper.

17

Topobiografie – wielowymiarowa przestrzeń bycia

51%

Kaczmarek J.

Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze

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2013

|

tom 4

25-39

XX

The basic problem of these considerations is a question: to what extent various aspects of biography can be described within a methodological framework? It is assumed that time is necessary yet insufficient biographical parameter. Life consists of events which are the consequence of time. On the other hand, one should not omit the space of the course of life in biographical research. Thus, the term topobiography has been introduced, which is a record of wandering through subsequent places of the trail of human life. Analytical parameters of topobiography are distance, both geographical and psychological, and cost.

18

HOW (NOT) TO MAKE STATIC TIME PASSING

51%

Schmidt M.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2006

|

tom 13

|

nr 3

321-333

EN

There are two rival theories of time: static and dynamic. The Special Theory of Relativity is one of the strongest arguments for static time. However, the defenders of the dynamic time claim that their approach is also possible in a relativistic setting. This debate supported the third theory: the hybrid theory of time. The aim of this paper, however, is to argue that the hybrid theory (combining both static and dynamic elements) is against the nature of the Special Theory of Relativity. The argument is motivated by H. Stein's attempt to separate definite past from indefinite future by the 'timelike' and 'lightlike' relations in and on the past pointing light cone. The paper shows that this approach leads to the restricted and extremely unintuitive notion of co-presence. This is considered as a serious objection against the animation of the static time in a relativistic setting.

19

'IZBYTOK VREMIENI V CHISTOM VIDIE'. THE CONCEPT OF BOREDOM ACCORDING TO G. FLAUBERT, T. MANN, J. BRODSKY

44%

Stawarz B.

|

2007

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tom 56

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nr 3

367-378

EN

This article discusses the concept of boredom - an essential problem in philosophy, psychology and the history of literature - derived from the work of G. Flaubert, T. Mann and J. Brodsky. In the work of G. Flaubert (Madame Bovary), boredom is associated with aversion to the sensual dimension of life. The writer also establishes a close relationship between boredom, triviality and despair. T. Mann (Der Zauberberg) regards boredom as a pathological condition which, however, is a necessary stage in the individual development process leading to a fully independent personality. According to J. Brodsky, boredom is both a sickness of an existential nature and a specific state of sorrow embedded in the ontological order of the world, a state perceived from the perspective of infinite time.

20

Time Duality in Economic Systems

44%

Derev’yanko Y. M.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

|

2013

|

tom 2 (60)

12-17

EN

The purpose of this manuscript is to systematize methodological approaches to examine the duality of time in economic research. The main objectives of this paper can be considered as the study of researchers views on the nature of time duality at all, its manifestation in the economic theory, comparison of different visions about the impact of the time duality problem on contemporary development of economic system. This feature of the time effect on the economic processes has several associated symptoms, in particular: time-duration and time-order; basics of economic laws and limiting factor in the space-time development; qualitative and quantitative property; time as a relative definitions and categories and time as a specific measurement values; short-term and long-term phenomena; profit maximization problem and cost-minimization problem; time as an astronomical (calendar) and functional time; time as an interval duration and the irreversibility of its passage.