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The Shia Crescent

100%

Szajkowski B. , Kopcewicz G. , Olszanecka N. , Urbański D. , Piechowiak-Lamparska J. , Bryc A. , Bojarczyk B. , Jorgensen F. A. E. , Niedziołka D. , Pacześniak A. , Potorski R. , Wincławska M. , Włodkowska-Bagan A. , Jeran A. , Mol A. , Solsbery A. , Dąbrowska I. , Głodkowski M. , Kopcewicz G. , Olszanecka N. , Piechowiak-Lamparska J.

nr 1 (3)

The study focuses on the recent rise in importance of the Shia branch of Islam. Ever since the success of the Iranian revolution, the Teheran regime has persistently claimed to be protector and promoter of the Shia interests outside its borders. Many Sunni rulers in the Middle East fear that the rising position of the Shia and Iran, in particular through its nuclear programme, will alter the traditional balance of power not only in the Gulf region but throughout the Arab world. The study introduces the term “the Shia crescent,” which has become a commonly used expression in popular, intellectual and political debates. As a geo-political term, it is used to describe a region of the Middle East where the majority population is Shia, or where there is a strong Shia minority in the population. The aim of this article is to examine critically the notion of the Shia crescent and suggest possible explanations on what is behind the rise of Shia power, how to account for it, and what are its consequences for the current system of international relations.Full text: http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/czasopismo/589/?idno=14763

Sunni literary responses to the spread of Shia ideology in Northern Nigeria

100%

Isa K. H.

nr 52

115-131

The infiltration of Shiism and subsequent increasing growth of the Shia community in Sunni dominated northern Nigeria, especially from the 1980s to date (2015), have generated ideological tension and anxiety. The introduction of the Shia into northern Nigeria has challenged Sunni ideological dominance and ascendancy. The Shia ulama (scholars) clandestinely converted thousands of Sunnis into the new religious group. The Sunni ulama responded to the penetration and emerging Shia community through a myriad of ways in order to arrest what they perceive as a diffusion of antithetical ideology. The responses came in the form of public condemnation, invective songs, theological debates, and literary antiphon. The main thrust of all of these responses is the condemnation of Shia ideology, rituals and practices, especially the ones that oppose Sunni ideological beliefs. One of the major consequences of these responses is the emergence of literature in different languages, namely: Arabic, English and Hausa. However, there is an apparent lack of academic attention to this body of literature in spite of its relevance to understanding Sunni-Shia relations and theological contestations in northern Nigeria. This paper analyses some selected Hausa and English Sunni-reactive literature and assesses its attempt to challenge the spread of Shia ideology in northern Nigeria.

Hezbollah i jego zaangażowanie w Syrii

58%

Domeracki K.

Wiedza Obronna

2013

tom nr 4

13--37

Niniejszy artykuł porusza kwestię trwającej od 2011 roku krwawej wojny w Syrii oraz jej znaczenia w światowej geopolitycznej układance. Szczególną uwagę autor skierował na kwestię zaangażowania się w ten konflikt paramilitarnej szyickiej libańskiej organizacji Hezbollah. Autor staraja się określić przyczyny i konsekwencje zaangażowania „Partii Boga”, podejmuje również próbę uchwycenia szerszego geopolitycznego kontekstu oraz prezentuje kilka potencjalnych koncepcji rozwoju sytuacji w Syrii i jej wpływ na układ sił w regionie Bliskiego Wschodu. W związku z tym, że sytuacja w Syrii jest dobrze opisana w opracowaniach analitycznych i artykułach prasowych, nie została tu opisana historia walk w Syrii.

This paper describe the issue of ongoing a bloody war in Syria, and its importance in the global geopolitical puzzle. The author primarily focused to the issue of involvement in the conflict of the Lebanese Shiite paramilitary organization – Hezbollah. In an attempt to identify the causes and consequences of the involvement of the “Party of God”, and attempted to describe a wider geopolitical context and presenting a number of potential forecasts about situation in Syria and its impact on the balance of power in the Middle East.

Rozmach Islámu na Balkáně — řád Bektášíja

58%

Peza K.

nr 2

26-56

The aim of the study The rise of Islam in the Balkans-the Bektashi Order was to map the development of this religion in this region. This study explains at the beginning the basic principles of Islam, its spread in the Balkan region with an important focus on the efforts of Albanians not to submit to the Ottoman Empire, and informs why Albanians decided to accept Islam through different orders, but mainly through the Bektashi Order that is still very influential in Albania. My initial effort was to present the most accurate knowledge of this order and their teachings, their customs, hierarchy and history in the territory where the Albanian population lived and lives.