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EN
The article presents characteristics of medicinal CO2-rich water deposits occurring in different hydrogeological units of the Sudetes. The conditions of deposit formation in different and lithologically diverse rock media lead to the occurrence of waters varying in TDS (0.03–6.7 g/L) and CO2 content (0.2–3.5 g/L) in a relatively small area of the Polish Sudetes. There are also CO2-rich water intakes with various total discharges in particular deposits: from 5216 m3/year in Czerniawa-Zdroj to 250871 m3/year in Duszniki-Zdroj. Particular attention has been paid to quantitative and qualitative parameters of Duszniki-Zdroj and Szczawno-Zdroj deposits. In Szczawno-Zdroj, the exploited intakes are springs with discharges in the range of 0.006–0.225 m3/h, and in Duszniki-Zdroj – boreholes with discharges ranging from 4.2 to 18.0 m3/h. The article presents the results of a statistical analysis of CO2 content and intake discharge. Hydrogeochemical analyses have been performed with the use of AquaChem 2014.2 software.
EN
The paper describes a prospective area of thermal water occurrence linked to the strike of a deep tectonic fracture within the Orlica-Śnieżnik dome. The indicated area contains CO2-rich waters, carbonated waters and thermal waters with mean temperatures oscillating from 10.3°C to 35.0°C. The TDS content in these waters oscillates from 0.8 to 11.5 g/L. The mean intake discharge varies from 1.67 m3/h to 36.3 m3/h. The conducted research demonstrated a correlation between discharge variation, water temperature and the HCO–3 ion content in Duszniki-Zdrój intakes. Based on an analysis of the physicochemical properties of the discussed waters, an attempt was made to estimate deposit temperatures by using chemical geothermometers. The obtained results were corrected by including the results of water saturation variability analysis in relation to rock medium. The probable temperatures of the analysed waters in particular deposits fall within the range of 71°C to 140°C.
EN
SOZO database and its cartographic model – a sozological map is a thematic data source that represents the state of natural environment, as well as the causes and effects of both positive and negative transformations occurring in the environment. There is no doubt that the SOZO database should be a tool to investigate and evaluate the state of natural environment in a quantitative manner. However, the analysis of chosen features in the database reveals that they seem to be insufficient for conducting spatial analysis. The crucial problem is related to classes of forest damage represented by point features in a database without the extent of forest degradation. This type of presentation has limited use for geospatial analysis of environment therefore the Authors propose to use remotely sensed data to enhance SOZO database with updated data together with the spatial occurrence of the studied phenomenon. This research presents the potentials of determining class of forest damage based on the vegetation indices (NDVI and NDII) that successfully replaces the point-feature class of forest damage with polygon-based classes, thereby introducing the new quality of the data into the environmental database and make SOZO database a useful product in spatial analysis.
PL
Tematyczna baza danych przestrzennych SOZO wraz z jej kartograficznym modelem – mapą sozologiczną przedstawia stan środowiska przyrodniczego, przyczyny i skutki zmian zachodzących w tym środowisku oraz formy i sposoby ochrony jego naturalnych wartości. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że baza SOZO powinna służyć do analizy i oceny stanu środowiska naturalnego w postaci wskaźników i miar ilościowych. Jednakże, analiza wybranych warstw bazy wskazuje na pewne jej braki, które sprawiają, że wykonanie analiz przestrzennych jest niemożliwe. Dotyczy to m.in. warstwy klasy degradacji lasów reprezentowanej w postaci geometrii punktowej bez określenia zasięgu tych klas. W pracy zaproponowano zastosowanie zobrazowań satelitarnych jako źródło aktualnych danych dodatkowo zasilających bazę w zasięg występowania badanego zjawiska. Klasy degradacji lasu określono na podstawie wskaźników wegetacyjnych (NDVI i NDII), których kombinacja pozwala wyznaczyć stopień i zasięg degradacji lasów w postaci obiektów powierzchniowych. Jest to niewątpliwie bardziej użyteczna forma, która czyni bazę SOZO w pełni funkcjonalną w zakresie analiz przestrzennych.
EN
Based on geographical and ecological analysis of the present moss flora occurring in two contiguous glacial cirques Śnieżne Kotły (Western Karkonosze Mts.), the occurrence of 20 species representing arctic-alpine and subarctic-subalpine elements is discussed. The majority of (sub)arctic- (sub)alpine elements (70%) occurred sporadically or very rarely (no more than 5 records), which indicates their general threat. Nine historically recorded species of these geographic elements could not be retrieved during the recent survey, however four of the recently found species have not been found during the systematic survey of historical sites on the Czech, southern, side of Karkonosze Mts. This proves that the northern localization of Śnieżne Kotły cirques favours the survival of relict species. The question of relictness with respect to the Düll's phytogeographical characterization is discussed; only in ten of the (sub)arctic- (sub)alpine species the relict character could be considered as granted due to their present distribution range. The full list of the Śnieżne Kotły present moss flora with the brief characteristics of their ecological distribution has been included, first such attempt since 1930.
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