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Konsekwencje zmian metodologicznych Międzynarodowej Klasyfikacji Chorób

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Kopczyński J. , Tyszko P. , Brzychcy K.

nr nr 3

36-48

Celem obecnego opracowania było przekonanie się, w jakim stopniu zmiana formalnych kryteriów mianownictwa wpłynęła na ukształtowanie wewnętrznej struktury przyczyn umieralności. (fragment tekstu)

Did Men Benefit More from Medical Progress in Recent Decades? Cause-of-Death Contributions to the Decreasing Sex-Gap in Life Expectancy in the United States

84%

Muszyńska M. M. , Rau R.

nr nr 42

The narrowing of the sex gap in life-expectancy since the mid-1970s in the United States has been explained by women's growing involvement in previously male-dominated risky behaviours, and in particular tobacco consumption. We argue that the narrowing sex-gap could additionally have resulted from greater benefits to men than women from new medical technologies due to differential access and the fact that many medical solutions result from studies based entirely on men. We decompose the sex gap in the mean duration of life between ages 0 and 75 into four large cause of death groups according to the index of amenable mortality. In the studied years, with the exception of 1985-1995, the sex gap decreased due to causes amenable to public policy interventions. An important contributor to this change was increased smoking among women. The observed narrowing of the sex gap due to medically amenable causes is limited to age 0. When a new group of causes amenable to medical interventions was formed by including half of the contribution of IHD , it had a positive contribution to the narrowing sex gap, and in particular at ages 1-75 years. We demonstrate that when the group of medically amenable causes of death includes half of the contribution of IHD, the narrowing-sex gap in life-expectancy results from the two sexes benefiting to a different degree from medical developments due to differential access or from the fact that treatments are better fitted to male physiological needs than those of women. (original abstract)

Analiza struktury umieralności według przyczyn w środowisku wielkomiejskim w Polsce w 1990 roku

84%

Jakóbik K. , Kurkiewicz J.

nr nr 418

39-58

Celem pracy jest określenie podobieństw i różnic obserwowanych w strukturze umieralności według przyczyn w środowisku wielkomiejskim w Polsce. (fragment tekstu)

The aim of the paper is to determine the similarities and differences that were observed in mortality pattern analyzed according to causes in big cities in Poland. The following working hypothesis was formulated to fulfil the set task: each of the populations under scrutiny has its own specific mortality pattern arranged according to causes. Nevertheless, in a set of big cities one can differentiate groups in which the mortality pattern arranged by causes will be similar to such an extent that - from the point of view of the adopted criterion of similarity - it is possible to talk about mortality types. The basic task is the determination of a group of cities of similar mortality pattern arranged by causes and age. In the analysis the autors have made use of the taxonomy of structures elaborated by S. Chomątowski and A. Sokołowski (1970). As regards conditional structures the authors propose their own solutions of determining the absence of similarity between the structures to be compared. The results obtained from the analysis constitute the basis for the formulation of general conclusions pertaining both to the subject matter and methodology. (original abstract)