The article discusses the way in which the symbolism of chimera, a mythic monster from Lycia (with lion’s mouth, goat’s torso and serpent’s tail) slayed by Bellerophon, was used in Silva Rerum IV (In sophistats Serveticos et novorum arianorum faecem censurae catholicae, around 1565) by Andrzej Trzecieski junior. This work is also a testimony to the stormy disputes with Arianism followers which engaged Stanisław Orzechowski through, inter alia, a treatise known to Trzecieski, namely Chimaera sive de Stancari Fvnesta Regno Poloniae Secta (1562). The author of Sylvarum libri II undoubtedly based his work on Orzechowski’s piece, but referred to chimera in a different way. Chimera in Trzecieski’s view was used not as a direct attack against particular persons, to defend the papacy, the ecclesiastical power and king’s majesty, but above all to exemplify the heretics’ beliefs upon the Holy Trinity or the everlasting divinity of Christ, and to show the reasons for the heretics’ mistakes.
In this study the author rejects the beliefs deeply rooted in Polish historiography that the eminent writer of the Polish Renaissance, Stanisław Orzechowski, was of Ukrainian descent. Associating his roots with Ukraine results from Orzechowski’s defining himself as a Roxolani. Research based on sources indicates that he was not a descendant of the Orthodox family of Baraniecki, neither was his grandfather an Orthodox priest. The writer’s Ukrainianness ought to be perceived more generally as a sort of local patriotism of the gentry of Red Ruthenia.
The paper reconstructs the history of the text entitled Facies perturbatae et afflictae Reipublicae, written in 1564 by Jan Dymitr Solikowski, a secretary to Sigismundus Augustus, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. Research focuses on its origin, publication history, the causes of its attribution to Stanisław Orzechowski and the connections between this text and Orzechowski’s works. The historical and philological analyses presented in the article made it possible to speculate on how the studied text functioned within the broadly understood Polish nobles’ ideology and how its various interpretations were associated with political phenomena from the text’s creation until the 1630s.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja historii tekstu Facies perturbatae et afflictae Reipublicae, napisanego w 1564 r. przez sekretarza królewskiego Jana Dymitra Solikowskiego. Dyskutowane są okoliczności jego powstania, historia druku, a także przyczyny jego atrybucji Stanisławowi Orzechowskiemu oraz jego związki z pismami tegoż. Analizy historyczno-filologiczne pozwalają określić ramy funkcjonowania owego tekstu w obrębie szeroko rozumianej ideologii szlacheckiej od czasu jego powstania do początku czwartej dekady XVII w.
Author, pondering over various meanings of “fraszka” in the work of Jan Kochanowski, expresses his doubts in regards of Sante Graciotti’s thesis, claiming there is no one single case of its genological use in it. Sufficient enough to prove it wrong is the fact of him naming his epigrammatic collection – simultaneously to the process of putting in proper order his output – with the use of nothing other but this exact notion. The impending appropriation of such a use in Polish language has been shortly after confirmed by Melchior Pudłowski’s Fraszek księga pierwsza (1586). In further part of the article author tries to establish the precise moment of the first ever use of the word “fraszka” in print. As it turns out, although Kochanowski makes a use of it for the first time in his Satyr (1564), he was slightly preceded by both Stanisław Orzechowski’s Rozmowa albo dyjalog około egzekucyjej (1563) and anonymous Historyja trojańska (1563).
PL
Autor, rozważając sposoby rozumienia leksemu „fraszka” przez Jana Kochanowskiego, poddaje w wątpliwość tezę Sante Graciottiego, jakoby nie pojawił się ani razu w twórczości pisarza genologiczny sens tego leksemu. Za dostateczny dowód, iż jest inaczej, uznaje on opatrzenie przez czarnoleskiego poetę takim a nie innym tytułem swej obszernej epigramatycznej antologii w momencie porządkowania dorobku całego życia, a potwierdzenie, iż sens ten doczekał się rychłego zadomowienia, przynosi wydany krótko potem zbiór Melchiora Pudłowskiego Fraszek księga pierwsza (1586). W drugiej części artykułu próbuje się ustalić, komu należy przypisać pierwszeństwo, jeśli chodzi o użycie wyrazu „fraszka” w druku. Jak się okazuje, u samego Kochanowskiego leksem ten po raz pierwszy pojawia się w Satyrze (1564), wyprzedzają go natomiast nieznacznie zarówno Rozmowa albo dyjalog około egzekucyjej (1563) Stanisława Orzechowskiego, jak i anonimowa Historyja trojańska (1563).
This article is a report from the academic conference “Stanisław Orzechowski – political writer. On his 500th birth anniversary” which took place on 17 and 18 October 2013 in Przemyśl, Żurawica and Orzechowce. The aim of that conference initiated by the TPN (Society of the Friends of Learning) in Przemyśl, was to honor the 500th birth anniversary of Stanisław Orzechowski, a former canon of Przemyśl, Renaissance humanist, author of political writings, originator of philosophical concepts. The conference participants were academics from universities and colleges from Kraków, Lublin, Łódź, Przemyśl, Rzeszów and Warsaw and the proceedings were of interdisciplinary nature, which created an opportunity for concrete analysis and confrontation with the cultural and literary legacy of Stanisław Orzechowski. The basic plenary part of the conference involved the papers by eight speakers and contributions of the debate’s participants.
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