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1 Logic and Logical Philosophy

1 2018

1 Raclavský J.

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Existential Import and Relations of Categorical and Modal Categorical Statements

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Raclavský J.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

2018

tom 27

nr 3

271-300

I examine the familiar quadruple of categorical statements “Every F is/is not G”, “Some F is/is not G” as well as the quadruple of their modal versions “Necessarily, every F is/is not G”, “Possibly, some F is/is not G”. I focus on their existential import and its impact on the resulting Squares of Opposition. Though my construal of existential import follows modern approach, I add some extra details which are enabled by framing my definition of existential import within expressively rich higherorder partial type logic. As regards the modal categorical statements, I find that so-called void properties bring existential import to them, so they are the only properties which invalidate subalternation, and thus also contrariety and subcontrariety, in the corresponding Square of Opposition.