Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Art for the Soviet home

100%

Reid S.

Human Affairs

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2011

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tom 21

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nr 4

347-366

EN

As an intensive housing construction drive in the late 1950s began to provide separate apartments for millions of Soviet citizens, aesthetic experts envisioned the Soviet home as a potential site for the display of works of art and for amateur aesthetic production. In the context of de-Stalinization, reformist artists and aestheticians committed to the liberalization and modernization of Soviet artistic criteria, promoted the value of amateur art and even of home decorating in the formation of the new person who would live under communism. They also pressed for affordable art and craft to be made available to ordinary people for their new homes. Thereby they would dwell in their new apartments surrounded by beauty in their everyday lives, and would thus, the experts argued, be brought closer to communist consciousness. Moreover sales of art to individual citizens would provide an alternative income stream to fund artists’ production. The possibility of private art consumption would therefore free artists to some extent from their reliance on state commissions and from the strict stylistic and thematic norms and hierarchies of Socialist Realism as established under Stalin.

2

МИХАИЛ ЕЛИЗАРОВ: МЕЖДУ ПОСТМОДЕРНИЗМОМ И «МАГИЧЕСКИМ РЕАЛИЗМОМ» (НОГТИ, БИБЛИОТЕКАРЬ, МУЛЬТИКИ)

100%

Pańkowska E.

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2018

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tom XX/1

199-213

EN

Mikhail Elizarov (b. 1973 in Ukraine) undoubtedly belongs to the most “bizarre”, controversial and uncompromising contemporary Russian writers, the most radical of Russian Booker winners – his novel The Librarian was awarded the 2008 Russian Booker Prize. Elizarov is also a musician, working in a style he calls “bard-punk-chanson”. His literary works “balance” on the verge of postmodernist and realistic practice, between reality and phantasmagoria. The aim of this article is to present a creative personality of the author: to reveal distinguishing features of Elizarov’s prose, to identify central motifs and themes in Elizarov’s selected literary works. Special attention is paid to Elizarov’s interest in violence and death, as well as the theme of Soviet nostalgia. Elizarov’s two novels and the collection of short stories and stories are analyzed in the article. These are The Librarian (2007), The Cartoons (2010) and Fingernails (2001).

3

Recreating journalism after censorship. Generational shifts and professional ambiguities among journalists after changes in the political systems

72%

Lauk E. , Hoyer S.

Central European Journal of Communication

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2008

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tom 1

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nr 1

5-22

EN

The system and practices of both German censorship in Norway in 1940–1945 and of Soviet censorship in Estonia in 1944–1990 were, because of their totalitarian nature, very similar. Some aspects of the reorganisation of the press in Norway and Estonia after the shift to freedom of expression are compared. In both countries freedom of the press released a high level of activity in publishing, attracting a lot of new and untrained journalists to the field. This created a generational shift , if not a cleavage, between old hands and neophytes. Since the younger generation was more numerous, the transition also implied tensions and ambiguities between different ideas of profes- sional practices and values. When media began to consolidate in both countries, the job market be- came more competitive and journalists found themselves under commercial pressures and, somewhat paradoxically, in the same process became more professionalized. In Norway the old multi-party press re-emerged after a short while together with old routines from the mid-war period. In Estonia, the old Soviet press system was replaced with completely different one, based on private ownership and ruled by the free market.

4

Образ материнской любви в фильме Трясина Григория Чухрая*

72%

Maeda S.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

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2018

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tom 166

99-107

EN

Image of maternal love in Grigory Chukhray’s The Quagmire Memories of the Great Patriotic War contributed to the making of a national identity in Soviet Russia, and clear gender roles are evident in Soviet propaganda war art. The image of male soldiers demonstrates the obligation to defend the fatherland against the outside enemy. On the other hand, there are images of a mother cheering for her son or a mother lamenting over a fallen soldier. It is clear that the female image belongs to the reproductive function of motherhood. The establishment presents an ideal and urges the public to internalize it by themselves. Grigory Chukhray’s film The Quagmire’s (1977) mother, however, hides her young son, who was conscripted to the front. The film casts doubt on the Soviet war myth and asks “Why do mothers have to be reconciled to lose their sons in order to defend the fatherland?” That’s why the military purged the film from the screen.

PL

Obraz miłości macierzyńskiej w filmie Grigorija Czuchraja Trzęsawisko Wspomnienia i obrazy Wielkiej Wojny Ojczyźnianej odegrały ważną rolę w kształtowaniu tożsamości obywateli Rosji Radzieckiej. W sowieckiej propagandzie wojennej wyraźnie widać hierarchię genderową. Wizerunek żołnierza mężczyzny odnosi się do obowiązku obrony ojczyzny przed zewnętrznym wrogiem. Natomiast wizerunek matki wiwatującej na cześć zwycięstwa syna lub rodzicielki lamentującej nad poległym żołnierzem kojarzony jest z macierzyństwem. Film Grigorija Czuchraja Trzęsawisko (Трясина) opowiada historię matki ukrywającej powołanego do wojska i wezwanego na front syna. Film, który wkrótce po premierze wycofano z dystrybucji, stawia pytania dotyczące funkcjonowania radzieckich mitów wojennych oraz sytuacji kobiet, które nie chcą się pogodzić ze śmiercią swych synów broniących ojczyzny.

5

Radzieckie/rosyjskie dostawy broni i uzbrojenia konwencjonalnego do Syrii w latach 1955–2012 – podejście ilościowe

72%

Dmochowski T.

Nowa Polityka Wschodnia

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2014

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tom 2(7)

75-102

EN

Gaining by Syria independence from France in 1946 and the rise of the State of Israel supported by Western countries, which from the beginning was in the political and military conflict with the Arab states, created for the Soviet Union the new possibilities of the political game in the Middle East. From 1955 to 1991, USSR became the main supplier of conventional arms to Syria (displacing the United Kingdom). In the years 1955–1991 Syria bought in the Soviet Union arms for $ 34.6 billion in SIPRI trend indicator values , which accounted for 8.04% of the value of the total Soviet arms sales during this period. After the collapse of the USSR cooperation in this regard was continued and throughout the years 1992–2012 Russia remained the main and dominant arms supplier to Syria, though not on this scale as earlier. However, especially the 90s of the twentieth century meant a huge setback in comparison to the previous period – then delivery has been completed of diesel engines for the modernization of tanks ordered in Soviet Union, and 3,000 antitank guided missiles were ordered in Russia. In the years 1992–2012 Russia has sold Syria arms for $ 1.254 billion SIPRI trend indicator values , which accounted for 1.21% of the total sales of Russian arms and weapons of 103.393 billion $.

RU

Получение Сирией независимости от Франции в 1946 году и создание государства Израиль, поддерживаемого западными странами, который с самого начала был в военном и политическом конфликте с арабскими государствами, создало СССР возможность политической игры на Ближнем Востоке. С 1955 по 1991 год, основным поставщиком оружия в Сирию становится СССР (вытесняя Великобританию). В 1955–1991 годы Сирия закупила в Советском Союзе оружие за $ 34,6 млрд. значения тренд-индикатора SIPRI (выраженные в млн. долл. США в постоянных ценах 1990 г.), на долю которых приходится 8,04% от стоимо сти продажи советского оружия в этот период. После распада СССР сотрудничествo в этом отношении былo продолженo и на протяжении многих лет (1992–2012) Россия оставалась главным и доминирующим поставщиком оружия в Сирию, хотя и не в таких масштабах как ранее. Тем не менее, особенно 90-e годы ХХ века оказались огромной неудачей по сравнению с предыдущим периодом – завершено поставки заказаных еще в Cоветском Союзе дизельных двигателей для модернизации танков, в России заказанo 3000 противотанковых управляемых ракет. В 1992–2012 годы Россия продала Сирии оружие стоимость $ 1,254 млрд. значения тренд-индикатора SIPRI, на долю которых приходится 1,21% от общего объема продажи российского оружия общей стоимости 103,393 млрд.$.