Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The labour market of the Silesian voivodeship (Poland), and its determinants

100%

Kłosowski F.

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nr 3

13-23

EN

The aim of this study was to characterise the labour market of the Silesian voivodeship and its determinants between 2010 and 2012, although in order to show certain trends in changes data from the beginning of the 21st century are also used as a basis whereas from the more forward-looking perspective, projections up until 2020 were used. This market is very important from the nationwide perspective, and this is due to its complexity, size (it concentrates 2 million employed people, that is 14.4% of the whole workforce of Poland) and specificity (industry still plays a crucial role). In order to achieve the objective indicated above, a set of measures relating to the number of employed people, business entities or GDP were used for the purpose of the analysis. The presented material shows the high volatility of the situation on the labour market both at the voivodeship level and individual communities – this is particularly true of the number of employed people and the rate of unemployment. An advantage of the newly created jobs over those that are shed which has been continuously recorded since 2008 and a decrease in the unemployment rate are positive symptoms. Katowice being the largest market and, moreover, characterised by the highest rank range of its impact and lowest unemployment rate have gained a dominant position in the regional labour market. Bielsko-Biała, Tychy, Gliwice and Bieruń-Lędziny County also clearly stand out against the background of other communities. The most difficult situation can be observed in Bytom, Świętochłowice, Piekary Śląskie and in the counties located in the northern part of the voivodeship, that is Częstochowa, Myszków and Zawiercie. Not only today but also in the coming decade, in terms of demand the labour market of the Silesian voivodeship will be strongly affected by its demographic situation; population decline, ageing population, migration, including, in particular, foreign migration will cause a decline in the labour force. By contrast, the labour supply will depend on an economic factor, that is mainly an improvement in the economic situation in Poland and around the world and a reduction in the cost of labour (external determinants). In the next few years the role of innovation (including the technological factor) which will affect the labour demand in terms of quantity and, perhaps to a greater extent, in terms of quality (changes in the structure of the labour market) will become more and more significant.

2

Public transportation accessibility in the Katowice conurbation, Poland

100%

Soczówka A.

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nr 4

52-63

EN

The article is devoted to the issue of accessibility of public transportation in the area of the Katowice conurbation. The scope of the research was local mass transit, that is tram, trolleybus and bus transportation. The research area, was established on the basis of the shape created by the transport network, and included 48 communities located in the central part of the Silesian voivodeship. In its model depiction, public transportation accessibility was treated as one of three interconnecting aspects, along with the infrastructural development and the offer level. In research on spatial accessibility, the method of model equidistances that replace the isochrones of distance to a stop was applied. The best accessibility to this service was observed in Siemianowice Śląskie, while the worst was in the community of Wielowieś. The research results have revealed significant discrepancies between public transportation accessibility itself, and the level offered. Research on the time of transit to the centre was performed with the use of an indicator constructed with the help of the point and rank method and this showed that the best accessibility to the centre was observed in Chorzów. The research on the time of transit between community centres was performed for all the communities with the use of direct connections and transfers. The shortest average time of transit was characteristic for Katowice, whereas the longest was in the community of Pilchowice. The research on transportation connections of public transportation completed the picture of accessibility. A measure of these connections was established as an average total number of inter-community connections for all days of the week. Katowice was characteristic of the best spatially developed network of connections whereas the most developed connections were observed between Katowice and Chorzów. The comparison of public transportation accessibility in the system of communities was performed with the quality classification method, on the basis of four previously characterized meters. According to the synthetic indicator, the best accessibility was in Katowice and the worst in the rural community of Bobrowniki. The results of the conducted research have confirmed the presence of dependence between accessibility and population density – the higher the population, the better the accessibility. They also indicate that in the research on accessibility, the role of time is not to be neglected – the research area being an example, where despite the transportation network covering a territory of almost 3 thousand km2, the real possibilities for moving are much lower due to the time of transit.

3

Processes of economic restructuring and functional transformations of an industrial city based on the city of Żory, Poland

88%

Magda-Żabińska K.

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nr 1

45-50

EN

For decades the Silesian voivodeship has played a key role in the development of the economy of Poland. Its central area is occupied by an old industrial region which has been developed since the 19th century on the basis of coal mining and the processing of iron, zinc and lead ores. As a result of the political transformation of the country, after 1989, the region was faced with a difficult economic situation – a significant reduction in production was recorded and numerous unprofitable obsolete mines and steelworks were decommissioned. Since then, the economy of the Silesian region has been subject to restructuring and revitalization. This article presents this process as illustrated by a representative city – Żory. This is one of the oldest cities in the region which was established in the Middle Ages (1272). For centuries, its inhabitants were engaged in agriculture, fish breeding and trade. Its industrial development started with the construction of the ironworks at the beginning of the 19th century, but the investments after the Second World War were of greatest importance to the city. At that time the “Fadom” factory, two hard coal mines – “Żory” and “Krupiński” – and a plant known as Zakład Tworzyw Sztucznych ERG (Synthetic Fibres Works “ERG”) were constructed. After the political and economic changes of 1989 the economy of the city required urgent restructuring. The change of the function of the city of Żory proceeded gradually, but the creation of economic areas and zones, especially the establishment of the Jastrzębie Zdrój and Żory Subzone of the Katowice Special Economic Zone (1996) and Żory Industrial Park (2004), were of crucial importance to the development of the city. Over the past 20 years the city of Żory has changed from a city dependent on the extractive industries, without signs of a developed urban infrastructure, to a centre of a varied structure of production. Employment in industry and construction decreased from 65.5% to 36.3%, and doubled in the case of services. The private sector currently comprises 75% of all economic entities – most of the companies are small or medium-sized enterprises up to 250 employees.

4

Środowiskowe zagrożenia zdrowia w świadomości różnych grup społecznych województwa śląskiego

75%

Piekut A. , Dziubanek G.

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nr 5

34-44

EN

INTRODUCTION The data from last year shows that health condition is determined by environmental factors, even up to 85%. Without the awareness of environmental health hazards in a society and knowledge of where, when and why there is environmental exposure and how it aff ects human health, it will not be possible to take preventive action. The aim of the study was to estimate the awareness of environmental health risks in a selected population of the Silesian voivodeship. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study presents data collected from questionnaire surveys conducted among 1539 residents of the Silesian voivodeship. The study population consisted of seven selected social groups: students from high schools, students of the Medical University of Silesia, women; including women in the reproductive age and pregnant, parents of preschool children, teachers, residents of Katowice- Szopienice and seniors. RESULTS The results showed that the awareness of environmental health risks in the studied social groups from the Silesian voivodeship is unsatisfactory. Although the respondents are aware of the negative environmental impact on health, they have only a basic knowledge of the pollutants present in the environment and their impact on human health. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to popularize the knowledge about environmental health risks and develop proecological attitudes from an early age in all social groups in the population from the Silesian voivodeship.

PL

WSTĘP Dane z ostatnich lat wskazują, że stan zdrowia nawet w 85% uwarunkowany jest czynnikami środowiskowymi. Bez ukształtowanej w społeczeństwie świadomości środowiskowych zagrożeń zdrowia oraz wiedzy, gdzie, kiedy i dlaczego ma miejsce narażenie środowiskowe oraz w jaki sposób wpływa ono na zdrowie człowieka, nie jest możliwe podjęcie działań zapobiegawczych. Celem pracy była ocena świadomości środowiskowych zagrożeń zdrowia wybranych grup społecznych mieszkańców województwa śląskiego. MATERIAŁ I METODY W badaniu przedstawiono dane zebrane w wyniku sondaży diagnostycznych, przeprowadzonych wśród 1539 mieszkańców województwa śląskiego, należących do siedmiu wybranych grup społecznych: młodzieży ponadgimnazjalnej, studentów, kobiet (w tym w wieku prokreacyjnym i ciężarnych), rodziców dzieci przedszkolnych, nauczycieli, mieszkańców obszaru zdegradowanego przez przemysł ciężki oraz osób starszych. WYNIKI Wyniki wskazują, że percepcja środowiskowych zagrożeń zdrowia badanych grup społecznych z województwa śląskiego jest niezadowalająca. Pomimo że ankietowani są świadomi negatywnego wpływu środowiska na zdrowie, to posiadają jedynie podstawową wiedzę na temat zanieczyszczeń obecnych w środowisku oraz ich wpływu na zdrowie człowieka. WNIOSKI Konieczne wydaje się podjęcie działań zmierzających do popularyzacji wiedzy w zakresie zdrowia środowiskowego oraz ciągłego kształtowania pozytywnych postaw proekologicznych we wszystkich grupach społecznych, od najmłodszych lat.

5

Przyszłość śląskiego rynku pracy w opinii ekspertów – badania pilotażowe

63%

Jadamus-Hacura M. , Melich-Iwanek K.

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tom 304

68-83

PL

Praca w pierwszej części poświęcona jest analizie wybranych czynników warunkujących współczesny rynek pracy województwa śląskiego. Jednak głównym celem autorek, przyświecającym drugiej części artykułu, było przeprowadzenie badania pilotażowego, będącego wstępem do planowanych w przyszłości analiz umożliwiających budowę długookresowych prognoz tego rynku. Ponieważ wiele istotnych procesów kształtujących przyszłe rynki pracy nie zostało jeszcze przebadanych w perspektywie diachronicznej, to długookresowe prognozowanie powinno być oparte na opiniach ekspertów. Kwestionariusz przeprowadzonej ankiety składał się z ośmiu tez dotyczących między innymi problemów: deregulacji rynku pracy, tempa wzrostu gospodarczego, zatrudnienia ludzi w wieku 50+, problemów emerytalnych itp. oraz ich wpływu na przyszły rynek pracy. Każdy z nich był oceniany przez ekspertów z punktu widzenia ważności na pięciostopniowej skali Likerta. Ponadto pytania dotyczyły czasu realizacji odpowiedniej tezy lub/i warunków jej realizacji. Wyniki przeprowadzonego badania pilotażowego wskazują, że wybór tez jest poprawny, a proponowane warianty odpowiedzi nie zostały przez ekspertów zakwestionowane.

EN

The paper in the first part is devoted to analysis of chosen determinants of the contemporary labour market of the Silesian voivodeship. However, conducting the pilot study was a main purpose of authors; it is the first step for the research planned in the future on long-term forecasts of this market. Since many essential processes shaping the future labour markets don’t still have their history, this long-term forecasting must be based on experts opinions. The questionnaire consists of eight theses concerning problems like: deregulation of the labour market, economic growth rate, employment of workers aged 50 and over, pension problems and their influence on the future labour market. Importance of thesis was evaluated on 5-point Likert scale. Survey questions concern also the time of thesis realization and conditions of their accomplishment. Conclusions of the conducted pilot scheme show that choice about theses is correct and proposed variants of the reply weren’t undermine by experts.