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Gra dla wielu aktorów. Badania pola bitwy pod Kunowicami (12.08.1759) w latach 2009-2018 i ich uczestnicy

100%

Podruczny G.

tom 19

81-101

Contemporary archaeology of battlefields emerged in the 80s in the USA. The research of the Little Bighorn battlefield conducted since 1984 by Douglasa D. Scott was a key project. Two factors contributed to his success: the introduction of new research tools, including a metal detector, and cooperation between professional archaeologists and amateur monument seekers. In the current archaeology of the battlefields, the first factor is constantly present, the second one – cooperation with the seekers – is not the norm. The article presents the research on the battle of Kunowice (12.08.1759). Around 130 thousand soldiers from three armies (Russia, Prussia and Austria) participated in this confrontation. The battle ended with the Prussian’s defeat; over 300 thousand soldiers lost their lives or were injured. The research on this battle was conducted in the years 2006-2019. As a result, by the end of 2018, 11,300 moveable monuments had been found, the relics of the field fortifications were discovered and examined, a single soldier’s grave was found (in 2010) and an unsuccessful attempt was undertaken to find a mass grave. In view of the extent of the researched area, the works required significant human eff ort. Within 10 seasons, 1,248 working days were dedicated to field works. Professional researchers (archaeologists, historians and a researcher from the field of life sciences), students, monument seekers and other volunteers participated in the research. The seekers constituted a particularly numerous and important group. The discovered finds were registered by GPS receivers. A not fully successful attempt was made to document the route covered by the monument seekers. Another unsuccessful eff ort was made to systematise the search with metal detectors with the participation of a greater number of monument seekers. Despite some problems, research on battlefields is a perfect place for cooperation between professional history researchers and monument seekers.

El conflicto entre España e Inglaterra en el contexto de la Guerra de los Siete Años. La guerra de corso (1761-1763)

80%

Fàbregas Roig J.

nr 2: Historia

129-157

En este estudio exponemos las incidencias ocurridas entre España e Inglaterra, en la fase final de la Guerra de los Siete Años. Después que ambas potencias se declararan la guerra, continuó la actividad corsaria de años precedentes, con la consiguiente captura de embarcaciones y de prisioneros, por parte de ambos estados. Con respecto a las embarcaciones se detalla el lugar del incidente, características, mercancías que transportaban y tripulación; en cuanto a los prisioneros se especifican los lugares donde fueron retenidos y cuantificamos el costo que supuso su mantenimiento. Finalmente realizamos un análisis comparativo de su situación en cada territorio.

In the following part of the article we present the incidents that arose between England and Spain in the final stage of the Seven Years’ War. After the two sides of the conflict declared war, they continued with their corsair actions that had already started earlier, together with the cosequent attacks on boats and taking prisoners concerning the both sides. With respect to the boats, we present the details concerning the place of their capture, their description, the goods transported and the crew; regarding the prisoners, we examine the place of their stay and the estimated costs of their maintainance. Finally, the comparative analysis of their situation on each territory is discussed.

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia incydenty, do jakich doszło pomiędzy Anglią i Hiszpanią w końcowym etapie wojny siedmioletniej. Po wypowiedzeniu wojny przez obie strony konfliktu, kontynuowały one rozpoczęte już wcześniej działania korsarskie, w tym ataki na łodzie i zabieranie do niewoli ich załóg. W kontekście łodzi przedstawiono szczegóły dotyczące miejsca ich zdobycia, ich opis, opis przewożonych towarów i załogi; w odniesieniu do więźniów zbadano miejsce ich pobytu i szacunkowe koszty ich utrzymania. Na koniec przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą ich sytuacji na danym terytorium.