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WYBORY UZUPEŁNIAJĄCE DO SENATU NA PODKARPACIU W 2013 ROKU

100%

Szczepański D.

nr 2(12)

37-48 (12)

The aim of this article is to present the election campaign in the by-election to the Senate in the Subcarpathian voivodeship called by the President of the Republic of Po-land Bronisław Komorowski for 8th September, 2013. The main reason for calling the by-election was the fact that the mandate of Władysław Ortyl, elected as the Marshal of the Subcarpathian voivodeship, terminated. Ultimately, seven candidates supported by their own parties or electoral committees endeavoured to win the support of the local electorate and entered the campaign. A visit paid by top representatives of Law and Justice, Civic Platform, Polish People’s Party and United Poland to the region of the Subcarpathian voivodeship was an essential element of the election campaign. The representatives finally did battle for Subcarpathia. The by-election to the Senate in Subcarpathia in 2013 showed that in electoral competi-tion the political parties performed a decisive role, not their candidates, as evidenced by the election result achieved by the Law and Justice candidate in relation to his political opponents.

System wyborczy Księstwa Warszawskiego (1807–1815). Zasady i praktyka powoływania Izby Poselskiej

80%

Ilski Z.

nr 3(158)

77–100

In the article the electoral system for the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Duchy of Warsaw is presented. Its legal bases are indicated: the Constitution of the Duchy and its supplementary decrees. The main elements of the Duchy’s electoral system are presented. Its organisational basis was a network of single-mandate electoral districts created by county assemblies and communal assemblies. Participation in them required the fulfillment of a number of criteria enabling citizens to exercise their electoral rights. The procedure for electing MPs and deputies as well as the voters’ rights are herein discussed. It is remarked that the voters could cast a single vote, an approving vote, or exercise block voting. The rule for deciding in elections is further presented. An electoral victory could result from a unanimous election or from a relative majority of votes. The electoral system of the Duchy of Warsaw is then compared to French proposals and it is demonstrated that it drew mainly from the Polish parliamentary tradition. The practical application of this system in the 1809 and 1811 elections, dominated by the desire for a unanimous election, is outlined.