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1

Determination of Urinary Schistosomiasis among School Children in selected Schools in Bekwarra Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria Using Rapid Diagnostic Methods

100%

Iboyi M. O. , Moses J. , Azua E. T.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2022

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tom 43

83-95

EN

Urinary Schistosomiasis is caused by the trematode Schistosoma haematobium. The disease is characterized by blood in the urine. This study was conducted to ascertain if self-reported haematuria using questionnaire, visible haematuria and micro haematuria using reagent strips could be used as a rapid diagnostic tool for detection of urinary schistosomiasis in the study area. The study was carried out among school children in Bekwarra Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. A total of 400 urine samples collected from the students were investigated. Analytical procedure employed was detection of haematuria and presence of S. haematobium ova in urine using urine sedimentation. Out of the 400 samples observed, 118(29.5%) were infected with Schistosoma haematobium. Overall prevalence of micro haematuria, self-reported haematuria and visible haematuria were 94(23.5%), 87(21.8%) and 39(9.8%) respectively. Self-reported haematuria and visible haematuria was highest among male subjects with a prevalence of 63(26.7%) and 28(11.9%) respectively. However, micro haematuria was highest among the female subjects 40(24.4%) as compared to the male 54(22.9%) (P>0.05). Self-reported haematuria was highest among the age group 15-19 years 13(25.5%), micro haematuria was highest among the age group 10-14 years 56(26.3%) while visible haematuria was highest among the age group 5-9 years 15(11.0%). However, the variation observed was insignificant (P<0.05). The three diagnostic methods employed were not uniform in terms of the results gotten among the eight schools studied. Self-reported haematuria was highest in Community Primary School, Beten 25(50.0%), followed by micro-haematuria in Sacred Heart Primary School, Nyanya 23(46%), while visible haematuria was highest in Community Primary School, Ijibor 12(24.0%). Diagnostic methods revealed that micro haematuria had the highest sensitivity 65(55.1%), followed by self-reported haematuria 50(42.4%) then visible haematuria, 32(27.1%). The proportion of false positive diagnoses was highest in self-reported haematuria 37(9.3%), followed by micro haematuria 29(7.3%) then visible haematuria 7(1.8%). The findings suggest that reagent strips are rapid method for detection of micro haematuria for identifying individuals and communities infected with Schistosoma haematobium.

2

Schistosoma haematobium: cytochemistry of the Mehlis' gland and of the ootype wall

86%

Moczon T. , Swiderski Z.

Acta Parasitologica

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2002

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tom 47

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nr 4

EN

Secretory granules produced by the Mehlis' gland and by the wall of the distal ootype in Schistosoma haematobium females, were examined at the ultrastructural level by means of several cytochemical methods. Strong staining, due to a relatively high percentage of carbohydrates in the granules, was observed in polymethacrylate sections treated with a phosphotungstic acidhydrochloric acid mixture at pH ≈ 0.5. Staining with ferric chloride-mixed-diamine mixtures (the LID and the HID reaction) showed no detectable level of oligosaccharide carboxyl and sulphate groups. A periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate reaction which was performed on epoxy sections, revealed a relatively high level of glycopyranosidic 1,2-diol groups in the granules. These results as well as the sensitivity of the secretory granules to the proteolytic action of papain indicated that the secretions produced by the Mehlis' gland and by the ootype wall were neutral glycoproteins.

3

The ultrastructure and cytochemistry of Mehlis' gland and egg-shell formation in Schistosoma haematobium

86%

Swiderski Z. , Moczon T. , Eklu-Natey D. T.

Wiadomości Parazytologiczne

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1998

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tom 44

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nr 3

4

Studies on vesical schistosomiasis among rural Ezza farmers in the Southwestern border of Ebonyi State, Nigeria

58%

Anosike J. C. , Oguwuike U. T. , Nwoke B. E. B. , Asor J. E. , Ikpeama C. A. , Nwosu D. C. , Ogbusu F. I.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2006

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tom 13

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nr 1

EN

Studies on vesical schistosomiasis and its snail vectors were carried out between October 2001–May 2002 among rural Ezza farmers inhabiting the southwestern border of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The people are predominantly farmers. Of the 2,104 urine specimens examined in 10 communities, 466 (22.1%) comprising 305 (23.7%) men and 161 (19.7%) women were infected with visible haematuria as the predominant presenting symptom. Ezza people associate bloody urine with sexually transmitted diseases. There were no significant differences in the prevalence rates amongst various villages and sexes (p>0.05). There was a gradual increase in the disease prevalence as the subjects’ age increases. About 78.3% of the infected persons are aged 0–20 years. Statistical analysis revealed that the prevalence, intensity and visible haematuria were significantly more (p<0.05) in subjects under the age of 20 than subjects above 20. Among the infected population, 183 (39.3%) and 283 (60.7%) were excreting 50 eggs/10 ml urine and above 50 eggs/10 ml urine respectively. Lack of visible haematuria is a more valid indicator of the absence of vesical schistosomiasis. Of the various snails collected during malacological survey, mainly B. globosus were infected. Possible control measures are discussed.