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Zodpovídání otázek dotazníkového průzkumu: interpretace otázky

100%

Vinopal J.

Naše společnost (Our Society)

2007

tom 5

nr 1

10-14

The article stands as a first part of a series about the question answering process during standardized surveys. The series conceptually draws on the Cognitive Aspects of Survey Methodology (CASM) and hence it maps primarily cognitive aspects of responding process. At the very beginning the interview situation itself is described and its interactional/communication, cognitive and formal components are defined. The answering process is in accord with prevailing theories described in the course of the question interpretation, memories retrieval, making the judgement and editing the answer. The first part of the whole series concentrates on the interpretation phase. The topic of question representation is elaborated through the psychological conception of mental representation in detail and several examples show implications for survey quality. Schemas and scenarios are then described as an 'at hand' tools for interpretation of the question, and these are again illustrated by some examples. In the end, priming is mentioned as another possible source of interpretation bias.

Intermediální agenda českých médií

100%

Trampota T. , Necas V.

Naše společnost (Our Society)

2007

tom 5

nr 2

12-19

The agenda setting function of mass media became one of the most pervasive concept examining long term effects of mass media on society. Meanwhile most of the media scholars works have focused on the relationships of media agenda and public agenda in the last thirty years, there is lack of empirical works dealing with aspects of agenda building process so far, above all aspects concerning mutual influences of various media contents. Presented paper examines inter-media agenda setting of Czech national media. Based on quantitative content analysis it search the regular patterns of 'media quoting other media' and contexts in which media refer to other media as a source of information.

Editace odpovědi na výzkumný dotaz

100%

Vinopal J.

Naše společnost (Our Society)

2008

tom 6

nr 2

The article stands as the fourth part of a series about the question answering process during standardized surveys and elaborates the phase of editing the response. Major moments and processes are explained that affect the shape of final answer at this stage and the narrow relationship of these facts to the nature and quality of survey data is pointed out. Step by step those phenomenons like rounding of numerical answers, the effect of answering scales in terms of its range, frequency, polarity or response order are elaborated and facts like response styles, range-frequency effect or positivity bias are mentioned. In the end, the problem of social desirability and its influence onto final answer is addressed, as well as some opportunities of elimination. Described aspects are related mainly to the distinction between factual and attitudinal questions, nonetheless in the course of presentation there are mentioned also particularities of some other question formats.

Role paměti při zodpovídání výzkumných dotazů

100%

Vinopal J.

Naše společnost (Our Society)

2007

tom 5

nr 2

25-29

The article stands as a second part of a series about the question answering process during standardized surveys and elaborates the memory retrieval phase. At the beginning the main psychological conceptions of memory are introduced (structure, traits, information types), which are then used for the analysis of the function of memory during survey answering process. The second part deals with the issue of factual information retrieval: the topic of initial encoding of the information into the memory; the role of cognitive keys in case of further retrieval; and consequences of those for the possibilities of the standardized inquiry. The attention is paid also to the problem of inaccessible information and to the usage of more general parts of autobiographical memory (schemas, scenarios etc.) instead of original entries. The third part elaborates the issues of temporal information retrieval like strategies used by respondents or biases emerging in case of them (e.g. seam effect and telescoping).

Rozhodovací procesy při zodpovídání výzkumných dotazů

100%

Vinopal J.

Naše společnost (Our Society)

2008

tom 6

nr 1

9-14

The article stands as the third part of a series about the question answering process during standardized surveys and elaborates the judgment making phase. The first part deals with attitude questions. In this regard, relevant theories of the nature of attitude are explained (true attitude model, construal model, the belief-sampling model); context effects that influence decision-making processes in the course of answering are described (i.e. the inclusion/exclusion model) and the effect of affective reactions like emotions is mentioned. In the second part concrete strategies and criterions of decision making are showed, which respondents use in the course of survey question answering process. This is done both with regard to factual and attitudinal questions.