Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

SUBSTITUTION OF OBJECTS COMPRISED IN THE ESTATE INHERITED BY CO-HEIRS

100%

Zukowski W.

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2008

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tom 17

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nr 3

759-807

EN

It is a common situation, that objects comprised in the estate inherited by co-heirs are sold, destroyed or otherwise lost in the period of time between death of the deceased and the moment of distribution of the estate between co-heirs. At the same time some other items might be acquired in connection with the loss, for example the price or other compensation. It ought to be decided, whether these new items belong to the inherited estate. The problem might be sometimes of great practical importance, however the Polish Civil Code does not regulate it explicitly. It was proposed in the legal literature, that the problem should be resolved by application of the 'surrogation' principle. According to this principle the inherited estate - treated as an example of so called 'special property' - is deemed to comprise all objects acquired in substitution for any object, or by virtue of any right, comprised therein. The author of the article analyses doctrinal notions of 'surrogation' and 'special property'. Then he ascertains that validity of these notions for the Polish private law is at best dubious. Moreover, application of the 'surrogation' principle to the inherited estate does not give clear solutions itself. Finally the author draws a conclusion, that instead of dubious and uncertain 'surrogation' principle, general rules of tort liability and unjust enrichment should be applied to the estate inherited by co-heirs.

2

COMMUTATION'S POSSIBILITIES OF SPATIAL PREPOSITIONS (Posibilidades conmutativas de preposiciones espaciales)

80%

Waluch d. l. T. E.

Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny

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2010

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tom 57

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nr 2

203-209

EN

The aim of this article is to present a concise analysis of the phenomena pertaining to semantic specificities observed in the description of spatial prepositions in Spanish. The analysis expects to match the closest prepositional commutations and to describe their possibilities of selection and interpretation. The examination covers only simple (as regards syntax) spatial prepositions, mosty noun adverbials. These determinants are employed in many linguistic papers and they are as follows: commutation, combination, substitution and transformation.

3

'Spentany jezyk' or on substitutions and calques in the language borderland, based on the materials from braslawski region in Belarus

80%

Smulkowa E.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2007

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tom 31

283-289

EN

The article is concerning the semantic and structural dependence of the Polish language actually functioning on the Belarussian-Polish-Lithuanian border line on the Belarussian basis and Russian influence. One of the ways to maintain the usage of Polish language under the conditions of considerable limitation of its usage and, at the same time, its knowledge is a phonetic substitution and calquing of Belarussian and Russian vocabulary and a permanent link of words. This opinion is illustrated by examples originating from field research, performed by the present author and her Belarussian coworkers among rural population in the Braslav region in Belarussia. Considered are, among others, such examples as 'spentany jenzyk' (tangled, mixed language) came into being as a result of semantic difference between the Rus. 'putat', sputat' (to mistake), Brus. 'putats', 'sputats' (to mistake and to fetter (to hobble)) and Pol. 'petac', 'spetac' (to fetter); 'pentaniny' ('mixed people', users of tangled language), 'spotykac sie' (to joust in speaking) from Brus. 'spatykatssa' (the same), 'przelot' (a span In the fence), Brus. 'pralet' (the same), 'przymak' (the husband coming to the farm of his wife) and phrase 'w przymaka poszedl' (from Brus. 'paishou u prymaki, paishou u prymy' and others. Encountered in the area examples of difficulties in qualifying the language affiliation of the used lexemes leads the authoress to the conclusion that a tendency is appearing to loose the ability to delimitation of closely related languages functioning on the border line.

4

Transfer of chromosomes of the A and B genomes of wheat to tetraploid rye

70%

Apolinarska B.

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nr 4

345-356

EN

Tetraploid rye was crossed with different tetraploid triticale lines. The F1 generation of tetraploid rye x tetraploid triticale hybrids was backcrossed with 4x rye. After backcrossing, all BC1 F1 plants were subjected to open pollination, whereas in the BC1 F2 generations only plants with wheat chromosomes in their karyotypes were open pollinated. Substitution, addition and addition substitution lines of wheat chromosomes in tetraploid rye were isolated from the F2 and F3 of BC1 . In 60 plants of BC1 F2 , 59 chromosomes from the A genome and 9 from the B genome of wheat were recovered. The wheat chromosomes were monosomic except for five plants which were disomic, viz. 1A and 5A in two plants each, and a translocated 3AS/5AL in one plant. In 235 BC1 F3 plants, 174 wheat addition and substitution chromosomes were found, 143 from the A genome and 31 from the B genome. All wheat chromosomes except 3A from the A genome and four chromosomes from the B genome - 2B, 3B, 5B and 7B were recovered. The number of substitutions ranged from one to four per plant, only two plants having four. In the group of addition plants the number of added wheat chromosomes ranged from one to two, and in the case of addition substitution plants - from two to four.Wheat chromosomes occurred in monosomic form, except 10 plants. Six substitution plants were disomic for 1A, 2A, 5A, 7A, 2B and 3B, respectively. One was disomic for 1A and 5A in two addition plants. Two addition substitution plants were double disomic: 1A and 5A - in one, and 1A and 3B in the other. In the BC1 F3 generation, 23 different translocations were found, four of which occurred between wheat chromosomes and the remaining 19 - between wheat and rye chromosomes. Translocated chromosomes were monosomic, except four plants. Two of them were disomic for 3AS/4RL, one for 4AS/4RS and one for 7AS/7RS. The fertility of both addition and substitution plants ranged from 0 to 38.0 seeds/spike, regardless of the chromosome number, with a mean of 9.61 seeds/spike. Plants with 28 chromosomes showed singnificantly higher fertility than plants with 29 and more chromosomes, except additoion plants with chromosomes 5A and 5B. The analysis of the influence of particular wheat chromosomes on plant fertility showed that both substitution and addition plants with chromosome 6A had the highest average fertility, while plants with chromosome 2B in substitution lines as well as plants with chromosome 2A in addition and addition substitution lines had the lowest fertility .

5

QUANTIFICATIONAL ACCOUNTS OF LOGICAL CONSEQUENCE II: IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF BOLZANO

70%

Koreň L.

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nr 3

303 – 326

EN

Quantificational accounts of logical consequence account for it in terms of truth-preservation in all cases – be it admissible substitution variants or interpretations with respect to non-logical terms. In this second of the three connected studies devoted to the quantificational tradition the author set out to reconstruct the seminal contributions of Russell, Carnap, Tarski and Quine and evaluate them vis-à-vis some of the most pressing objections. This study also prepares the ground for his discussion of the standard model-theoretic account of consequence to be found in the concluding study.

6

DEDUCTION IN TIL: FROM SIMPLE TO RAMIFIED HIERARCHY OF TYPES

60%

Duží M.

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2013

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tom 20

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nr suppl. 2

5 – 36

EN

Tichý’s Transparent Intensional Logic (TIL) is an overarching logical framework apt for the analysis of all sorts of discourse, whether colloquial, scientific, mathematical or logical. The theory is a procedural (as opposed to denotational) one, according to which the meaning of an expression is an abstract, extra-linguistic procedure detailing what operations to apply to what procedural constituents to arrive at the product (if any) of the procedure that is the object denoted by the expression. Such procedures are rigorously defined as TIL constructions. Though TIL analytical potential is very large, deduction in TIL has been rather neglected. Tichý defined a sequent calculus for pre-1988 TIL, that is TIL based on the simple theory of types. Since then no other attempt to define a proof calculus for TIL has been presented. The goal of this paper is to propose a generalization and adjustment of Tichý’s calculus to TIL 2010. First the author briefly recapitulates the rules of simple-typed calculus as presented by Tichý. Then she proposes the adjustments of the calculus so that it will be applicable to hyperintensions within the ramified hierarchy of types. TIL operates with a single procedural semantics for all kinds of logical-semantic context, be it extensional, intensional or hyperintensional. She shows that operating in a hyperintensional context is far from being technically trivial. Yet it is feasible. To this end we introduce a substitution method that operates on hyperintensions. It makes use of a four-place substitution function (called Sub) defined over hyperintensions.

7

Retoryka erotyzmu w prozie Milana Kundery

60%

Skibska A. M.

Bohemistyka

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2016

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tom 16

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nr 1

19 - 50

EN

In the essay, I make an attempt to explore a question of style, derived from Nietzsche’s discourse devoted to a figure of woman. Re-written subsequently by Derrida, the discourse itself turns out to be organized around the convoluted rhetoric events which are to reveal and at the same time conceal the representation of woman in both languages: of philosophy and of literature. As is well known, Kundera’s novels and essays consist in a significant and sometimes ambivalent confrontation occurring between these two languages, which also result in feminine characters’ construction often subordinated to the dominant rhetoric of eroticism. Furthermore, this rhetoric determines the dualistic perspective regarding the lovers’ relationships, according to which the image of woman is considered on different levels (i.e. as a reduction to the bodily ego, or emotional drive acting between sex and sublimation, etc.), which, however, always refer to the figurative procedure of transformation.

8

CARNAP´S MODAL LOGIC 'C' (Carnapova modalni logika 'C')

60%

Puncochar V.

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nr 2

163-184

EN

In this paper, author presents Carnap's modal logic C, which is one of the first attempts to use the concept of possible world (that of state description in the Carnapian original terminology) in shaping the semantics for modalities. Some older technical results, which concern the logic C, are summarized, namely two different kinds of axiomatization of C, one unusual characterization of C as the only set of formulae having one special property, and semantic and syntactical relations of C to S5. The fact that C is not closed under the universal substitution is shortly discussed. Finally, the predicate version of C, which is not axiomatizable, is defined.

9

Chromosome pairing in tetraploid rye with monosomic-substitution wheat chromosomes

60%

Apolinarska B.

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nr 2

119-128

EN

In tetraploid rye with single-substitution wheat chromosomes - 1A, 2A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 3B, 5B, 7B - chromosome pairing was analysed at metaphase I in PMCs with the C-banding method. The frequency of univalents of chromosome 1A was considerably higher than that of the other four wheat chromosomes of genome A (6A, 5A, 7A and 2A). Among chromosomes of genome B, the lowest mean frequency of univalents was observed for chromosome 5B. In monosomic lines, wheat chromosomes 1A, 2A, 5A, 6A, 7A and 5B paired with rye homoeologues most often in rod bivalents and in chain quadrivalents (also including 3B). The 47% pairing of 5B-5R chromosomes indicate that the rye genomes block the suppressor Ph1 gene activity. In monosomic plants with chromosomes 5A, 2A, 6A, 7A and 5B, a low frequency of rye univalents was observed. It was also found that the wheat chromosomes influenced the pairing of rye genome chromosomes, as well as the frequency of ring and rod bivalents and tri- and quadrivalents. However, the highest number of terminal chiasmata per chromosome occurred in the presence of chromosomes 5A and 2A, and the lowest ? in the presence of chromosomes 3B and 7B. In the presence of chromosome 5B, the highest frequency of bivalents was observed. The results of the present study show that the rye genome is closer related to the wheat genome A of than to genome B. The high pairing of wheat-rye chromosomes, which occurs in tetraploid rye with substitution wheat chromosomes, indicates that there is a high probability of incorporating wheat chromosome segments into rye chromosomes.