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Resistance of cultivars and breeding lines of spring wheat to Fusarium culmorum and powdery mildew

100%

Wisniewska H. , Kowalczyk K.

Journal of Applied Genetics

2005

tom 46

nr 1

35-40

Twelve Polish spring wheat cultivars and 18 spring wheat accessions from CIMMYT, Mexico, were examined for resistance to a highly pathogenic Fusarium culmorum strain KF846 and powdery mildew in 5-year field experiments. Resistant wheat cultivars (Sumai 3 and Frontana) served as controls. The mean percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels (% FDK) for 5 years was lower in CIMMYT accessions (16.7%) than in Polish spring cultivars (28.3%). In all Polish spring cultivars, % FDK was higher than in the control cultivars Sumai 3 and Frontana (12?20%). The mean disease score (on a scale of 1?9) for powdery mildew (natural infection) for all examined cultivars and lines ranged from 0 to 7 and in the Polish spring cultivars was significantly lower (0?5). Cultivars Eta, Henika, Ismena, Jasna and Olimpia were found to be the least susceptible to powdery mildew in field experiments. The laboratory host-pathogen tests with Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates showed that only two cultivars were characterized by identical resistance patterns as the standard differential lines with documented resistance genes. Cultivar Alkora had the gene Pm3d, and Henika had Pm5. The gene Pm3d was identified in cultivars Jasna and Eta in combination with another unknown gene/genes. Cultivars Santa and Torka had the gene Pm5 in combination with another unknown gene/genes. Four cultivars: Banti, Ismena, Olimpia and Sigma, showed resistance to all mildew isolates employed in a laboratory test. The accession IPG-SW-14 was the least susceptible to both pathogens (F. culmorum and powdery mildew) in all 5 years of experiments. This line is the best candidate for deriving new cultivars with improved resistance to fungal diseases.

Resistance of spring wheat cultivars and lines to leaf rust

100%

Wisniewska H. , Stepien L. , Kowalczyk K.

Journal of Applied Genetics

2003

tom 44

nr 3

361-368

Spring wheat nursery accessions, including 18 spring wheat lines derived in CIMMYT, Mexico, and 12 spring wheat cultivars bred in Poland, along with cultivars Frontana and Sumai 3 as resistant controls, were examined for resistance to leaf rust under field conditions. Multipathotype tests with 16 different pathogen isolates were performed for postulation of Lr genes in Polish cultivars. Besides, STS markers for resistance genes Lr1, Lr9, Lr10, Lr24, Lr28, Lr37 were analysed in the studied cultivars and lines with Thatcher near-isogenic lines as positive controls. All Polish cultivars appeared to be susceptible to leaf rust. Ten of the CIMMYT nursery lines (IPG-SW: #7, 11, 14, 21, 22, 23, 27, 29, 30, 32) and cv. Frontana were resistant in the same environment and can be sources of resistance genes. Marker for the Lr10 gene was identified in 6 accessions (IPG-SW #14, 22, 23, 29, 30, 32) exhibiting resistance to leaf rust, whereas markers for Lr1 and Lr28 genes were observed in all the examined accessions. STS markers for Lr9, Lr24 and Lr37 genes were not identified in the investigated accessions.