Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Bruno Latour's Research Program and its Advantages in Terms of the Researches over Modern World

100%

Binczyk E.

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2007

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tom 1

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nr 3

32-42

EN

The authoress puts the following objective in her article: to show and to emphasize Bruno Latour's specificity of research perspective in the context of his 'actor-network' theory (ANT). She presents political advantages of this approach in the context of the researches over contemporary world, and also reasons of Latour rejects the sociology of knowledge program. In the next part of the paper the authoress wishes to give an outline of an image of certain area setting the methodological identity of ANT. She invokes the diagnoses of contemporary society, performed by Thomas H. Eriksen, George Ritzer and Ulrich Beck. She cites on Latour's works, and also her earlier publications from the domain of the sociology of knowledge and the anthropology of science.

2

LUDWICK FLECK - AN OUTSIDER, A FORERUNNER, A CLASSIC? (Ludwik Fleck - outsider, prekursor, klasyk?)

80%

Bytniewski P.

Rocznik Lubuski

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2008

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tom 34

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nr 2

161-183

EN

The sociology of knowledge is a field of study with a rather blurry disciplinary standing. Its epistemological status (science or meta-science?), disciplinary affiliation (philosophy or sociology?), and even its history (who was the first, more important, etc: Mannheim, Znaniecki, Scheler?) remain vague. This article argues that both the structure and history of the sociology of knowledge produce presentism as an epistemological obstacle. A good example of this phenomenon is Ludwik Fleck's position as both a classic and a forerunner of the sociology of knowledge. As a subdiscipline of sociology, with disciplinary ambitions, the sociology of knowledge explores facts concerning social contexts of the production and proliferation of knowledge. Nevertheless, as a meta-science or philosophy, or even a counter-science, the sociology of knowledge asserts itself a privilege to judge every scientific enterprise in respect of its socio-epistemological dimension. This double determination entangles a self-reflection of the sociology of knowledge: it creates the conditions of possibility as a discipline, and simultaneously reduces its own critical power.

3

Between Description and Norms. Knowledge and the Social Life-World

80%

Dehnel P.

Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 4(198)

91-99

EN

The paper deals with the problem of social contexts of knowledge. The description of social reality should take into account the fact that anyone who is trying to describe it is the part of that reality him- or herself. The cognition of the social world in the objective categories - effected by the tendency to generalization - loses the normative sense of a theory as such and neglects the role of the particular cases. Regarding the notion of the collective intentionality (John Searle) the author sketches two concepts of it: the Habermas' proceduralistic idea and R. Rorty's idea of the contingency. In reference to the first one the aim is to establish a communicative community, in which all people have the same rights in the argumentation and the final purpose would be the agreement based on the best one. The second idea emphasises the word 'we' as not being the collection of the abstract terms like 'human being', 'humanity' etc., but it should be more modest and more local. Both theories - J. Habermas' and R. Rorty's - can be recognized as legitimate, if they develop in the solidarity with other people.

4

The Problem of Consistency between Assumptions of Sociology of Knowledge and Assumptions of Philosophical Anthropology (on Example of Max Scheler's Ideas)

80%

Czerniak S.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2004

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tom 40

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nr 3(161)

391-407

EN

The author of these considerations puts a question, non-trivial from the point of view of science of science, about relationship of theoretic-methodological consistency between research sub-disciplines regarded by their own creators as discourses of paradigms corresponding to one another in a general philosophical perspective. As a historical example used for this analysis serves the concept of the sociology of knowledge and of the philosophical anthropology, developed - as elements of an overall philosophical perspective - by Max Scheler (1874-1928), beside E. Husserl the most widely known representative of the phenomenological movement in the 20th century. M. Scheler had often articulated his intention in his writings that philosophical anthropology should form a basis of categories of the sociology of knowledge, a reservoir of philosophical assumptions for socio-cognitive ideas. The hypothesis of the present paper is as follows: (a) some fragments of Schelerian sociology of knowledge (the so-called concepts of 'class idols') would be very hard to thought ot as 'grounded' in that meaning into the model of philosophical anthropology that he had proposed; (b) an anthropology different from Schelerian may be indicated (by Helmuth Plessner) more logically consistent with the idea of 'class idol'.

5

The Historical Connections and Development of the Polish Economy and Sociology

80%

Sowa K. Z.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2005

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tom 41

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nr 1(163)

3-14

EN

The author shows the connections of the Polish economy and sociology in the period of their formation. Despite the fact, that the first Polish economists and sociologists were inspired by the Western works, their own scientific views and works were formed in basically different social and political conditions which dominated in the then partitioned Poland. That is why the Polish economy and particularly sociology of those days were in some areas (research problems) belated when compared with the Western ones, but much ahead of the Western in others. Some important concepts of todays Western sociology were introduced in the Polish social sciences one hundred years ago (e.g. the concept of cultural capital). In the second part of the paper the social forces, specific for the system of so called real socialism (communism), which conditioned its functioning, were shortly depicted. The constitutive features of the contemporary social macrostructures were, from the one hand , immune for classical, Western type scientific analysis, and they precluded a development of adequate concepts and research tools, from the other. Therefore adequate theory of the social reality of those days is still an unfulfilled task of the Polish social sciences.

6

Česká zkušenost a sociologická reflexe Poznámky ke knize Pavla Machonina Česká společnost a sociologické poznání

70%

Arnason J. P.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2007

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tom 43

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nr 4

809-820

EN

The article deals with some key arguments in Pavel Machonin's book 'Czech Society and Sociological Knowledge', but does not review the whole book. Critical comments focus on four themes. Machonin's conception of sociology as a discipline and a tradition does not do full justice to the inherent pluralism of the sociological imagination. It is useful to link sociological debates to the ideological contest between socialism (more particularly Marxism) and liberalism, but this problematic is more complex than Machonin's analyses tend to suggest; that applies, in particular, to the interpretations of freedom and equality as fundamental modern values. Machonin's attempt to reconstruct modernization theory is open to some criticisms, especially with regard to the debate on 'multiple modernities'. Finally, the concept of state socialism does not help to grasp the complex patterns of modernity that developed under Communist rule.