The artcle is devoted to the socially oriented market economy. The concept has been fully implemented by L. Erhard in the first postwar years in the Federal German Republic resulting in the prosperity for all the society. Social market economy is a concept of socio-economic order uniting personal freedom and persona! responsibility for individual financial status with democracy, economic liberalism, respect for law and executing legal demands as well as state responsibility for the welfare of citizens unable to function in the market economy. This model is right for modern times of globalisation and aging societies in the developed countries. Modern market economy has to take social questions into account, as is the case in the socially oriented market economy concept, so as not to allow economic discrepancies and social tensions
This article discusses basic aspects of ordoliberal doctrine, an original German concept of liberalism. The author presents basic ordoliberal ideas. He outlines the ideas of the founders of the school, mainly Walter Eucken and Ludwig Erhard. The original element of the ordoliberal thought is the concept of social market economy. It is based on the assumption that free market can be the basis for stable social order ensuring the fulfillment of common needs. Ordoliberalism is an economic doctrine that may be used as the basis of economic policy. The author argues that the countries whose political system is undergoing transformation should especially make use of the past experience of the implemention of this idea by Ludwig Erhard in post-war Germany.
The aim of the article is to find the answer to the question whether the social market economy, which forms the basis of social and political system of Germany, constitutes a theoretical foundation for social or welfare state. After the author has presented a theoretical part concerning the social market economy concept as well as the differences in terms between social and welfare state, he will proceed to demonstrate the course of realisation of the concept-in-question in West Germany after 1948. The evolution of the German social state, into welfare state, will be portrayed on the basis of Ludwig Erhard's economic and financial reforms, the analysis of their effects, as well as the following changes in an approach to the social and economic order in Germany.
The notions of social market economy, social economy and social responsibility co-exist side by side - both in theory and practice. The paper discusses these three concepts and identifies the differences between them.
This article tries to reconstruct and explain the principles of the ordoliberalism by Walter Eucken as a basis for the functional capacity of the social market economy. First, the author describes the orign concept of the ordoliberlism by Walter Eucken. Thereafter she analyses the principles as a mission statement of the social market economy and shows the reasons for the enforceable problem of ordo-liberal conception by Eucken. At the end she develops a combination of ordoliberal principles with a ordo-political economic conception.
This paper aims to contribute to the theoretical discussion of Social Market Economy concept and his compatibility with the main premises of neoclassical economic goal of optimal economic efficiency. We will shortly discuss the historical and social context of Ordoliberalism and Freiburg school; subsequently apply the concepts of institutional economy and concepts of economic theory of democracy. The compatibility of normative institutional order and requirements of contemporary economic policy will be discussed in connection with topics as a social order and policy, social capital, economic policy decision making and state-market relations in modern democratic society.
The social market economy model, developed in post-war Germany, for the past few decades has undergone gradual change. A shift has been observed from the liberal economic order towards the Keynesian welfare state model. The article is an attempt to identify the causes of these changes, taking into account the dependencies between the legal order and the economic order. The authors focus mainly on changes in German legislation and their impact on the shape of liberal economic order in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Based on the analysis of the international rankings, favorable business environment indices are directly correlated with index of state competitiveness and the level of foreign investments. Despite intense reforms conducted in Belarus during past years private sector share in GDP remains below 30%. This could indicate both the nominal nature of reforms and the shortcomings of the methodology ratings. However, new reforms in the field of legislation and business environment regulation are being held in Belarus. These reforms are undertaken in the most problematic areas of business regulation, i.e. taxation, licensing and pricing. Even though they are not immensely intensifying Belorussian business environment, they are still improving it. If liberalization of Belorussian business climate continues, the country will be able to improve its competitiveness on global market for goods, services and foreign investments.
The third way concept managed to combine strong points of economic liberalism and socialistic doctrines. It was a result of fruitful joint efforts of CST and developers and predecessors of SME concept. And while the economic part of CST has a nature of universal normative doctrine, the SME concept is a concept of German economic system, brilliantly implemented in the economic policy of the government of this country in 1947 - 1967. Basic ideas of the SME concept are still forming the core of CDU (one of the most influential political powers in Germany) economic program, and in many ways outlining the building of the European Union. In general, the idea of the third way became one of the most significant achievements of socioeconomic thought of the 20th century.
The paper aims at pointing out the similarity of ordoliberal concept of social market economy and sustainable development concept. The article consists of the concept of sustainable development characteristics, EU initiatives in the name of sustainable development and the relationship between ordoliberal concept of social market economy and sustainable development concept. The sustainable development concept ushered in by decisions of the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janerio became indeed a real social process. Sustainable development is a deep-seated value of the European Union and encompasses issues of great importance to citizens, whether it be maintaining and increasing long-term prosperity, addressing climate change or working towards a safe, healthy and socially inclusive society. The idea of sustainable developmentis about including natural environmental in social and economic development of a region, a country or as a global perspective, a whole world. The idea presents a number of solutions leading to protection of three elements of civilization development: society, nature and economic. The combination of economic targets with social (ecological too) targets is also very characteristic to the ordoliberal concept of social market economy. This concept combines material aspects with an accomplishment of social values (freedom of mankind, social equality and justice). It shows that it is possible to tolerate logical and unquestionable market economy regulations in order to guarantee the respect of human rights and environmental protection. The link between sustainable development and ordoliberal concept of social market economy is incontestable. Both concepts promote the reduction of increasing negative phenomenon in the economy and society.
The intention of this paper is to provide an overview of the ethical aspects of social market economy, with particular attention to the role of the legal system. The author demonstrates that a legal system has an auxiliary role to the system of values at the core of social market economy. Besides, it promotes the practical realisation of the values inherent in the idea. Liberty, justice and equality are the three pillars of social market economy. Only under these conditions can business entities participate in market competition on the basis of equal opportunities. The paper breaks new ground by pinpointing the interdependence between the practical implementation of value systems in the market economy and the supporting role of the legal system, as well as by identifying the common roots of social market economy and the modern legal system of Germany, which dates back to the Weimar Republic, when law concepts based on neo-Kantism were developed and when the fundamentals of the ordoliberal theory were laid down (the Freiburg School).
Social market economy, notably advocated by the then Minister of Economy and Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Ludwig Erhard, postulates that socio-economic order should be based on free and responsible competition, with the help of shrewd and long-term state institutional policy. The conception assumes that an economy, being a subsystem of society, is responsible for producing the material foundations necessary for a society to exist and prosper. In Erhard's own words, an economic system should ensure 'prosperity for all'. Whereas free and - which he particularly emphasised - responsible competition is a means to this end. Not only does it discipline entrepreneurs, but also unleashes the creative potential of individuals. However, freedom which is not accompanied by the awareness of the consequences of one's choices, or willingness to accept those consequences, easily degenerates into license and excess. Therefore, economy is closely related to ethics, of which Erhard and other representatives of the ordoliberal school were only too aware. Free and responsible competition does not only result from ethical principles, but is also an effect of proper state institutional policies, founded on a long-term vision of economic development and a monetary policy which attempts to achieve and maintain price stability. Social market economy proposes a socio-economic system based on: competition, freedom, strong ethical standards and wise state policy leading to a stable social and economic order. The concept can then become a valuable source of inspiration for contemporary politicians and scientists, who face the challenges of today's constantly changing and unpredictable world.
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