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K SITUÁCII DOBY: KIERKEGAARDOVA VEREJNOSŤ A JASPERSOVA MASA

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Šajda P.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

2015

tom 70

nr 9

726 – 735

In 1914 Theodor Haecker presented Kierkegaard to the German-speaking public as a social critic, when he published the translation of a fragment from Kierkegaard’s A Literary Review (1846). The translation inspired several influential authors of the interwar period, who commented on the condition of the society of that time. One of them was Karl Jaspers who believed that Kierkegaard’s views were more relevant in the 20th century than they were in the 19th century. In his work The Spiritual Condition of the Age (1931/1932) Jaspers adopted several motifs from Kierkegaard’s critique of society. In the present paper the author examines thematic points of intersection of Kierkegaard’s reflections on the public and Jaspers’ reflections on the mass. He elucidates also Kierkegaard’s and Jaspers’ views on excellence, envy, levelling and modern media. Both thinkers provide original and incisive analyses of the decadent features of modern society.

Claude Lévi-Strauss v sociologii: Baudrillardova teorie společnosti konzumu

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Marsalek J.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

2009

tom 31

nr 1

141-159

Contrary to what is often thought, the structuralist approach has never been adopted in French sociology very extensively. When speaking about structuralism in this discipline, the work of Pierre Bourdieu is generally referred to. The present paper is intentionally heading in another direction and is questioning Levi-Straussian traces in Baudrillard's theory of the consumer society. First, Baudrillard acknowledges being in debt to Levi-Strauss for his conception of consumption as a language. In this perspective exchanged goods are understood as object-signs. We believe nevertheless that Baudrillard goes even further when he analyzes the phenomenon of absurd violence, bearing in mind - even he does not directly disclose it - Levi-Strauss' concept of 'free signifier'. All the same we finally conclude that Baudrillard's use of Levi-Strauss is rather cursory. Despite this fact it is of interest: Thus we follow Baudrillard's analysis and consider the problem of social criticism, which is one of the main topics of his writings here discussed.