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PŘÍKLADY A PRAVIDLA PŘI OSVOJOVÁNÍ DOVEDNOSTI

100%

Beran O.

tom 22

nr 1

90 - 108

Wittgenstein describes the process of mastering a rule (adopting a skill) as implanting mechanically a number of specific examples (steps) after which one “know how to go on”. Such a two-step concept of learning (e.g. in Cavell) can be understood as the sequence of i) propedeutics limited in time and ii) the subsequent skill to extrapolate the rule in unlimited number of cases (Chomsky’s account of rule). The relationship between the “propedeutics of examples” and the mastered skill is, however, more complex. The author will refer here to the Wittgensteinian ethics (e.g., Winch) emphasizing the individual’s repeated work (reflection) on specific examples which never ends. He will also point to the empirical evidence (Ingold, in particular) that in the processes of learning an essential role is played by memorizing and copying of given (specific) models, where attention and observation is necessary. A competence is then a physical implantation and individual mastering of such a limited technique, rather than an ability to extrapolate and innovate foremost.

Computer use and creativity

100%

Rimler J.

nr 12

991-1009

An attempt was made to explore the connections between creativity and computer use using in-depth interviews. A sample of people in various occupations were asked how and why they used the computer at work, how they had learnt to use it, how use of this new technology had changed their work, and what their general views were on the spread of computers. Analysis of the interviews led to the conclusion that the scope offered by the new technology is being exploited more fully by those in more creative jobs, but the method of computer use depends not only creative opportunities in the work but on the character of the occupation. There is an example of this in the difference between artists and technicians. The former may be more creative traditionally, but the character of their work means they have less use for computers than the less artistic technicians, for whom using the latest technology is essential..

NOVÉ ZRUČNOSTI A PRACOVNÉ MIESTA NA TRHU PRÁCE V SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKE

75%

Kvetan V. , Szovics P.

2011

tom 59

nr 1

29 – 43

The European Commission reacted on the recent labour market developments in Member Countries with the communication New Skills for New Jobs (NSNJ). One of the main themes of this communication is that the highly qualified labour force is the precondition of development of competitive and sustainable economy. To meet these objectives there is an eminent necessity to invest to the right skills and to effective anticipation of future trends in skill needs. The study Skills Supply and Demand in Europe developed by European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) is one of the important contributions to the future labour market trends anticipation. The authors of this article are describing the modelling approaches and results of this study enriched by the results for the Slovak Republic.