The disciplines increasingly organize knowledge, but according to Lukács and Adorno, the essay represents a continuing need for an intersection of disciplinary knowledge and the totality of experience. According to Foucault, the essays of Montaigne and Bacon embody the transition from medieval commentary to modern science’s empiricism and criticalness. The essay does not submit to the systematics of science but persists in the singularity of the literary work. It interdiscursively confronts personal experience with various discursive fields and constructs a fragmentary, perspectival, and aesthetic mode of truth. Notwithstanding the literary singularity of the essay, which corresponds to Kant’s “aesthetic idea”, the genre also relies on the sensus communis. Since the 18th century, the essay has established itself in newspapers, where it has become susceptible to stereotypes and ideologies. The tension between singularity and (medial) common sense is also evident in contemporary Slovenian examples (Marjan Rožanc).
Nathalie Heinich distinguishes a mutation in the history of art, which appeared due development of the contemporary art. Analysing a contemporary work of art she finds the non-authenticity to be its essential quality. It is this quality that makes the contemporary work of art different from a modern one laying the claim to authenticity. Non-authenticity presents itself in the author’s intention as untrustworthiness, cheat, insincerity, impersonality, giving up interiority etc.; in the relationship between the artist and his/her work then as breaking the continuity between the two.
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