Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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THE POPULATION OF THE SALOMOUN MINING SETTLEMENT IN THE CITY OF OSTRAVA IN MORAVIA (1890-1930)

100%

Jemelka M.

Historická demografie (Historical Demography)

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2004

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tom 28

157-201`

EN

This study focused on the population of the Salomoun settlement in the City of Ostrava in Moravia, which was the largest mining settlement on the city's registered land and was built between 1868 and 1917 in close proximity to the mine of the same name. The settlement peaked in size in the middle of the 20th century. In the structure of households simple family households predominated. A typical feature of miners' households in the later stage of the settlement's development was the presence of a large number of persons who had no relationship to any member of the family in the household, which was associated with the increasing trend of taking in lodgers.

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PALAEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT IN MORAVANY NAD VAHOM-DLHA. RESULTS OF JURAJ BARTA'S EXCAVATIONS IN 1963 AND 1990 (Paleoliticke osidlenie v Moravanoch nad Vahom-Dlhej. Vysledky vyskumov Juraja Bartu z rokov 1963 a 1990)

60%

Nemergut A.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 2

183-206

EN

The study presents more complex compilation of J. Barta's revisory excavations at Moravany nad Vahom-Dlha that were realised in 1963 and 1990. In more details it describes the methods used in the research, stratigraphic situation at the site and the analysed collection of chipped stone industry as well. Stone artefacts were found mostly in two layers one closely above the other. The cultural layer purportedly occurred in a fossil earth under topsoil prevailingly and rarely also in a layer of light loess. Mostly, they are made of local raw materials, such as radiolarites and quartz. Imported raw materials, obsidian and limnosilicite, are less frequent. The range of raw materials is complemented with silicificated sandstone. As the technology of chipped stone artefacts is concerned, a stone waste is the most numerous, which is followed by unretouched flakes, retouched tools, unretouched blades and cores. The most frequent implements are leaf-shaped points - the type with rounded base - and their fragments of various sizes and in connection with the retouch type in three variants: with overall flat retouch, partial flat retouch and without flat retouch. Their production is documented by finds of semi-products and waste as well at the site. Retouched blades and flakes are rather frequent, too. End-scrapers, side-scrapers, burins and combined tools are less frequent. Analysis of the tools technology and typology help date the site settlement into the Szeletian period. This is connected with the frequent occurrence of flat retouch on leaf-shaped points and on some other retouched tools as well. The stone tools composition with ample amount of leaf-shaped points, end-scrapers, side-scrapers, etc. together with usage of local raw materials and a big share of flakes in comparison to blades are typical characteristics. The site at Moravany nad Vahom-Dlha is pointed out to have a big potential for deeper comprehension of the transitional period between the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic and its significance in prehistory.

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ARCHAEOZOOLOGICAL FINDS FROM THE MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT IN BAJC (Archeozoologicke nalezy zo stredovekeho sidliska v Bajci)

60%

Miklikova Z.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 1

123-168

EN

This work aims to present preliminary data gathered by the archaeozoological analysis of unique faunal assemblage collected during archaeological excavation of the site at Bajc, location Medzi kanalmi, and on their basis, to shed more light on animal husbandry and hunting during the early middle Ages on the territory of south-west Slovakia. Partial goals of the study were to summarize the past research for the studied area and the period, to define assortment of animals that were kept by the local inhabitants and to investigate the relative importance of identified species in the subsistence and economy of the settlement of a rural character. On the basis of the assortment of wild animal taxa a possible reconstruction of the site's environment has been discussed. In addition to that, we focused on the demography in order to explore the management strategies and way of exploitation of domestic animals and on the skeletal element representation in the assemblage in order to answer the questions pertaining the amount and quality of locally consumed meat. In this regard diachronic changes have been investigated, in order to attest various trends observed and published previously by other scholars. Presented results suggested the importance of cattle and sheep in the animal husbandry, the increasing occurrence of horse and the low frequency of pig bones within the kitchen refuse of studied agrarian village. An obvious shift in the food preferences and herd management occurred during the 9th century, when earlier meat exploitation model in cattle and sheep changed more into the milk and secondary product oriented husbandry of the settlers.

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CONTRIBUTION TO THE MESOLITHIC IN THE SLOVAK CARPATHIANS

60%

Valde-Nowak P. , Sojak M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 1

1-12

EN

This report evaluates the Middle Stone Age penetration in the area of Northern Slovakia from the point of view of past research as well as in the light of results of two test excavations on the southern slope of the Tatra Mountains. Information's about the Mesolithic settlements in Slovakia are random. They are related mainly to areas of southern edge of the Carpathians in the vicinity of upper Hornad river basin and Danube river plain. In this context assumption concerning the existence of Mesolithic also in northern Slovakia, specifically at the foot of the Tatra Mountains, should be remembered. In August 2007 the small scale excavation took place on two sites, selected for testing after repeated previous surveys, situated about 2.5 km north-west from the city centre of Spisska Bela. The first one is destroyed as a result of multi-annual, deeply ploughed and drainage works. The second one produced small inventory in the stratigraphic position. Among tools trapezium and middle part of unidentified microliths should be exposed, both made of Cracow-Jurassic flint. Also the first data concerning Mesolithic settlement in the northern zone of the Tatra Mountains are remembered in the paper. They were described from Middle Beskydy Range. Some elements of Chojnice-Pienki or Janislawice culture are discussed in the text. Two excavated Slovakian sites are evidence of human residence of late Mesolithic groups in the sub-Tatra area during the Atlantic period. Attention should be paid to the immediate proximity of the described Mesolithic sites, situated not far from the village of early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture (Linearbandkeramik) from the music note phase and Bukk culture and the Spisska Bela 'Kahlenberg' position. We can expose the lack of the oldest phase of band pottery culture in the Poprad Valley and upper Hornad basin. The mountainous territories of Western Carpathians are non questionable domain of the Mesolithic man at least from the beginning of Atlanticum. The good orientation in local beds of silica rocks - radiolarite, Mikuszowice hornstone suggests, that Mesolithic groups in this zone existed not only episodically.

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A BRONZE-AGE SETTLEMENT AT LIPTOVSKY TRNOVEC (Bronzezeitliche Siedlung von Liptovsky Trnovec)

60%

Przybyla M. S. , Beljak J.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 2

273-308

EN

Chronology of finds from Liptovsky Trnovec corresponds to the oldest period of burying at the necropolis in Martin, which is synchronous with the BB2 (C1) phase. This dating was proved by a find of bronze bracelet from the Object 1 at Liptovsky Trnovec, with its shape and production manner typical of older phases of the Tumulus culture spread out on the territories of the Palatinate, Swabian Alps and Bohemia. Longer duration of the Tumulus-Post-Otomani tradition within the area under study is documented also by simultaneous occurrence (in the Object 55) of an amphora made in this style and decorated with lines of incisions and thin-walled vessels representing by its style the tradition of the Lusatian culture early phase. They are beakers decorated with big shallow imprints. The early Lusatian pottery in the upper Vah basin is dated to the BD-HA1 phase. Finds from the Spis region prove the style was spreading eastward with the incipient HA stage. The last stylistic tradition, which can be identified on pottery finds from Liptovsky Trnovec, is that applied on a vessel from the Object 68. Technological qualities (black outside surface and red insides) and way of decoration classify this vessel into the stylistic group that occurred in cultures with cannelured pottery in the Carpathian basin (e. g. the Gava and Kyjatice cultures). This vessel has been dated into the HA stage or a bit later. The settlement at the Ravence position in Liptovsky Trnovec was probably continuously settled during a longer time interval (the 16th - 11th centuries BC). During this period the style of pottery decoration on the settlement was gradually changing.

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ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE NASIELNA RIVER VALLEY IN THE VICINITY OF THE EARLY MEDIEVAL STRONGHOLD IN NASIELSK (Antropogeniczne przeksztalcenia doliny Nasielnej w sasiedztwie wczesnosredniowiecznego grodziska w Nasielsku)

60%

Blonski M. , Szwarczewski P.

Archeologia Polski

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2008

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tom 53

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nr 2

291-317

EN

Interdisciplinary research (archaeological excavations, ground surface surveying, as well as the results of a geomorphological survey and drillings, palynology and radiocarbon dating, and an examination of archival maps and analyses of historical sources) carried out in the vicinity of the Early Medieval stronghold in Nasielsk was focused on the lithological diversity of the sediments filling the Nasielna river valley and its relation to human activity in this area in the past. The study proved that the activity of Early Medieval settlers and the multiphase operation of water mills in medieval and modern times were the main causes impacting valley bottom transformation. The town of Nasielsk is located some 50 km to the north of Warsaw and remains of the Early Medieval stronghold lies in the northwestern part of the town. It measures 85 m in diameter and has a rampart in excess of 2 m in height. According to written sources of the 11th-13th centuries, Nasielsk was a local center of administration (castellany). At the time a part of the town was owned by the Czerwinsk monastery. Archaeological excavations have been conducted in 1976 and in 2001-2006. The conclusion is that the stronghold was a multiphase site operating for more than 400 years. Dendrochronological data from the rampart have dated the construction of the oldest part of the stronghold to the middle of the 9th century. The youngest dendrochronological date falls in the middle of the 13th century (i.e., A.D. 1246). Settlers presumably abandoned the stronghold either in the second half of the 13th or in the beginning of the 14th century. In 1386, the newly-founded town of Nasielsk was given by the Mazovian Duke Janusz the First to the knight Jakusz of Radzanowo. The studied part of Nasielna river valley is filled with organic deposits (peats, organic silts and clays, gyttja) totaling some 1.50 m in thickness. The organic sediments cover fine and medium sands and gravels. Some 50 drillings in the valley bottom next to the stronghold revealed a complicated morphology of the former valley bottom. Geological and geomorphological studies together with enclosed cross-sections have indicated for channel pattern changes in the Nasielna (former exsistance of braided or anastomosing stream). The gyttja-lacustrine sediments (with plant detritus and mollusks at different depths) filling the valley bottom are evidence of a multiphasal operation of ponds in this area (mostly mill and probably fish ponds). The lithological diversification of the sediments in the vicinity of the stronghold has led the authors to assume very short intervals between successive stages of damming-up of the river (possibly from just a few to a dozen or so years). Radiocarbon datings and archaeological data permit a reconstruction of the Nasielna river evolution in eight stages. The application of interdisciplinary methods: geological, geomorphological and archaeological, together with absolute dating has helped to unravel the relations between human activity in the past fourteen-fifteen centuries and the changes of the environment in the vicinity of the Early Medieval stronghold in Nasielsk. It was also possible to study the quality of these changes and the rate at which they occurred, thus providing the data for a reconstruction of the former river valley relief, that is, the landscape of the medieval settlement. 11 Figures.

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SÍDLIŠTĚ SOUČASNÉ A MINULÉ: PROMĚNY PRAŽSKÉHO SÍDLIŠTĚ STODŮLKY OČIMA JEHO OBYVATEL

51%

Lehečka M.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2013

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tom 61

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nr 4

351 – 367

EN

High-rise housing settlements are an integral part of every city in the post-socialist area of Eastern Europe. These prefabricated urbanity wholes, of varying extent, have been taking on a very interesting and distinctive character in the context of the political, economic and social changes of recent years. The author´s principal interest, however, is not in the actual changes in the character of the settlements and how to describe them, but rather in how these changes are reflected in the utterances of those directly involved. In this study, based on narrative biographical interviews with inhabitants of the Stodůlky settlement in Prague, he attempts to interpret how these dynamic changes are reflected on the narrators’ side. The primary focus of interest is therefore the conceptualisation of changes in the relationship to the settlement as home (Svašek, 2002), in the context of roughly the past thirty years. Theoretically he takes his premises from the anthropological concepts differentiating place and space (Hirsch, 1995; De Certeau, 1984), where these two ideas are conceived as two distinct dimensions of the perception of spatiality. Place functions as a category related to everyday perception. Space is more an impersonal structure leading beyond the plane of the everyday. Based on this differentiation, the author will consider how the settlement appears in narration, and how place and space relate to the time dimension in the settlement’s evolution. The narrators show a tendency to categorise the settlement “history”. This schematisation again reveals a further interesting level, stemming from narrative re-actualisation of the personal past in the locality being examined

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GEOFYZIKÁLNA PROSPEKCIA NA SLOVENSKU V ROKOCH 2010 AŽ 2014

51%

Cheben M.

Študijné zvesti

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2015

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nr 57

111 - 139

EN

Non-destructive archaeological methods play a significant role in acquiring the information about archaeological sites. The most often used are geophysical methods, especially the magnetic and geoelectric ones. As part of the project CEVNAD, several geophysical measurements were carried out in the years 2010 to 2014, in the river basins of the Hron, Ipeľ and Žitava, as well as in the Košická kotlina and in the territory of Spiš. The excavation was done in such archaeological sites as settlements, fortified settlements, fortresses, temporary Roman camps, burial grounds, churches, fortified areas, etc. The main aim of the measurements was to acquire information, as precise as possible, on the nature of the explored settlement or the deserted architecture (its extent, form, orientation, size of the deserted walls). During five years, magnetic method was used to measure 46 archaeological sites, including such features as ground plans of long houses, channels, stoves, half sunken-floored houses, storage pits, clay pits, fortification systems – ditches, etc. Using GPR survey, 34 archaeological sites were measured during this period. Measurement was focused especially on deserted churches, interiors in churches and monasteries, as well as spaces in fortified areas. In several sites geophysical survey was followed by archaeological survey. The results obtained from the geophysical measuring and archaeological excavation could then be compared and confronted. In most cases, the results were the same.

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„WYMUSZONA MOBILNOŚĆ – WYMUSZONA OSIADŁOŚĆ”. O POWOJENNYCH PRZESIEDLENIACH I ICH OBECNYCH SKUTKACH DLA LOKALNYCH SPOŁECZNOŚCI

41%

Sołdra-Gwiżdż T.

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2016

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tom 42

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nr 4 (162)

123–136

PL

We współczesnym dyskursie publicznym dotyczącym II wojny światowej rzadko wspomina się o masowych powojennych ruchach ludności w Europie, o przesiedleniach Polaków z Kresów Wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej, wysiedleniach Niemców i przesiedleniach ludności ukraińskiej. Procesy „wymuszonej mobilności, jak i wymuszonej osiadłości”, stanowiące codzienność tamtych lat zaowocowały upadkiem wielu lokalnych mikroświatów, powstaniem nowych ojczyzn, nowych społeczności i nowych tożsamości. Konfrontacja odmiennych kulturowo światów „gospodarzy” i „gości”, międzygrupowe konflikty, aspiracje do „lepszego życia”, stały się między innymi źródłem „nowych mobilności”, które nadal trwają. Artykuł będzie zatem próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie o społeczne skutki tych zdarzeń dla lokalnych społeczności i indywidualnych form tożsamości jednostek, a w szczególności wskaże na nadal kształtujące się wzory międzygrupowych relacji w zróżnicowanych etnicznie społecznościach.

EN

Major, post-war transfers of populations in Europe, the displacements of Poles from the former Eastern Lands of the Republic of Poland, the expulsions of Germans and the resettlements of Ukrainians are rarely mentioned in the contemporary public discourse on the World War II. The processes of “enforced mobility” as well as of “enforced settlements”, that constituted everyday life for the people back then resulted in the fall of many local microworlds, the formation of new homelands, new communities and new identities. The confrontation of culturally different worlds of “hosts” and “guests”, intergroup conflicts and aspirations for a better life, among others, became a source of “the new mobilities”, that still last. This article attempts to answer a question about the social consequences of these events for local communities and individuals’ identities, and in particular indicates still forming patterns of intergroup relations in ethnically diverse communities.