Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Influence of acetaldehyde on some serotonergic mechanism in rat blood platelets

100%

Pawlak D. , Chabelska E. , Buczko W.

Polish Journal of Pharmacology

|

1993

|

tom 45

|

nr 1

59-66

EN

Acetaldehyde (ACT), both, ex vivo and in vitro did not change the ADP-induced rat platelet aggregation and the potentiating action of serotonin. The whole blood serotonin content was decreased only when ACT was used in doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg, iv and the platelet serotonin content remained unchanged. Ex vivo, ACT had no influence on the labeled serotinin uptake, whereas in experiments in vitro it inhibited the amine uptake and augmented the serotonin release from blood platelets in a dose dependent manner. The results indicate that all the changes in the platelet serotonergic mechanisms appear only after high concentrations of ACT. They may be of significant importance in the circulatory system or hemostasis only during disulfiram or calcium carbamide therapy.

2

Evolutionary ancient roles of serotonin: long-lasting regulation of activity and development

100%

Turlejski K.

|

1996

|

tom 56

|

nr 2

619-636

EN

Biogenic monoamines (catecholamines, indoleamines and histamine) are evolutionary old and important modulators of long-lasting changes in the functional state of cells.They are found in many protozoans and in almost all metazoans.Monoamines preserve their evolutionary old functions (first of all being intracellular signals and later hormones and growth factors) even in those animals in which they acquired the function of neurotrasmitter.The older functions of serotonin, an important member of the family of indoleamines, are reviewed here.Described are: presence of serotonin on organisms at various phylogenetic levels; its role in embryonal, foetal and postnatal nervous system.It is concluded that in none of these functions serotonin is the only factor, but it is an ubiquitous and important modulator of a vast array of processes and functions taking part in development and plasticity.

3

TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE GENES POLYMORPHISMS AND THEIR PREDICTIVE AND DIAGNOSTIC VALUE (Diagnostyczne i predykcyjne znaczenie polimorfizmow genów hydroksylazy tryptofanu)

100%

Malgorzata W. , Fudalej S. , Michal W. , Matsumoto H. , Wojnar M. , Lukaszkiewicz J. , Pachecka J.

|

2009

|

tom 19

7-14

EN

Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the serotonin biosynthesis pathway. Gene encoding it's isoform - TPH2 is expressed mainly in the brain, and is a major candidate gene in a number of serotonin related psychiatric disorders. The paper analyses a number of genetic association studies that have already indicated the correlations between several TPH2 polymorphisms and affective disorders, suicidal behavior, ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder and genetically determined differences in effectiveness of the therapy. It emphasises the role of the dysregulation of brain serotonergic neurotransmission as a possible etiologic factor in the development of many psychiatric disorders. The paper pays attention to the fact that characterization of polymorphisms in TPH2 may ultimately provide important insights into the pathogenesis of individually and socially important psychiatric disorders.

4

Serotoninergic impairment and aggressive behavior in Alzheimer's disease

100%

Zarros A. C. , Kalopita K. S. , Tsakiris S. T.

|

nr 3

277-286

EN

The overall goal of all therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is to: (a) optimize the impaired functions and (b) restore an affordable quality of life for both the patient and his surroundings. AD has been characterized by a significant serotoninergic impairment. It is well known that impaired serotoninergic function is related to aggressive behavior. We, herein, review the past and recent evidence that seems to link the serotoninergic system with aggressive manifestations in AD patients. Managing the aggressive behavior of these patients might be of significant medical, social and economical importance. However, there is still a long way to go until we verify the exact pathophysiological mechanism(s) involved in the induction of aggression in AD patients. The current data underlines a complex relationship between the observed serotoninergic impairment in AD patients and the (a) cholinergic system, (b) the endocrine (hormonal) state, (c) the nutritional habits, (d) the genetic background and (e) the caregiving environment.

5

Serotonin content in the wall of preovulatory and postovulatory follicles of the domestic hen

100%

Paczoska-Eliasiewicz H. , Rzasa J.

Folia Biologica

|

1995

|

tom 43

|

nr 1-2

75-79

EN

Serotonin (5-HT) level in the 4 largest preovulatory (F4-F1) and 2 postovulatory follicles (POF1-POF2) was determined spectrofluorometrically.During the final, most rapid phase of follicular development, 5-HT content in the preovulatory follicles wall increase gradually, reaching the highest level 0.5 before ovulation.After ovulation 5-HT content in postovulatory follicles rapidly decreased.The results suggest that 5-HT is involved in ovarian functions like folicular development and ovulaton in the domestic hen.

6

Role of serotonin in cerebral oxidative stress in rats

100%

Munoz-Castaneda J. R. , Montilla P. , Padillo F. J. , Bujalance I. , Munoz M. C. , Muntane J. , Tunez I.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

|

2006

|

tom 66

|

nr 1

1-6

EN

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesized by the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase using 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) as a substrate. It was recently shown that serotonin and its precursor have powerful antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduction in 5-HT levels by para-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) and their restoration by 5-HTP administration on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in rat brain. Serotonin levels were decreased by p-chlorophenylalanine administration. The effect of p-chlorophenylalanine was counteracted by the intraperitoneal administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan. We evaluated the concentration of serotonin, malonyl dialdehyde and the status of antioxidants (GSH, catalase and superoxide dismutase) in brain. The results showed that p-chlorophenylalanine (300 mg/kg) induced a depletion of serotonin concentration and antioxidant status, as well as enhancing malonyl dialdehyde concentration in brain. The exogenous administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan prevented all effects induced by p-chlorophenylalanine in brain tissue. The recovery of the neurotransmitter concentration in brain was related to the reduction of lipid peroxide generation and improved antioxidant status. In conclusion, our study supports the view that the antioxidant properties of serotonin protect against basal oxidative stress in brain.

7

Respiratory effects of serotonin challenge to pulmonary and laryngeal circulation in anaesthetized cats

100%

Szereda-Przestaszewska M. , Wypych B.

|

1996

|

tom 56

|

nr 4

889-896

EN

Administration of serotonin (5-HT) to pulmonary circulation elicits prompt apnoea, followed by subsequent tachypnoea. The present study was designed to ascertain whether 5-HT challenge into the laryngeal artery will evoke the full constellation of this chemoreflex and to examine the role of laryngeal sensory input and importance of vagal afferents in the respiratory sequelae.The experiments were done on 10 anaesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats.Laryngeal artery injections of 5-HT, similarly to intravenous challenge, caused apnoeas, which were significantly diminished by the section of cervical vagal trunks. Breathing frequency increased in all condtions on intravenous injection but only prior to vagotomy, when administered into laryngeal artery. With resumed breathing,the peak inspiratory airflows were significantly increased in the neurally intact, those treated by bilateral section of the superior laryngeal nerves (SLNs-cut) and vagotomized cats, with no difference between them and independent of the route of injection. The results show that serotonin chemoreflex could evolve from the laryngeal vascular bed and that laryngeal afferents do not contribute to the respiratory arrest.

8

Dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline changes in the striatum of C57BL mice following myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 and complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) administration

100%

Balkowiec-Iskra E. , Kurkowska-Jastrzebska I. , Joniec I. , Ciesielska A. , Czlonkowska A. , Czlonkowski A.

|

2007

|

tom 67

|

nr 4

379-388

EN

Many data suggest involvement of inflammation in neurodegeneration. However, the exact mechanisms of this cooperation are poorly understood. We have previously shown that induction of inflammatory reaction, both before and after injury of the striatum, affects regeneration of dopaminergic neurons. In the present research we studied the role of inflammatory reaction in non-injured striatum. We used myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to elicit experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice model. As determined by HPLC, striatal dopamine (DA) and serotonin levels in mice treated with either MOG 35-55 in CFA or CFA alone were significantly higher compared to vehicle-treated controls on 13th day after induction. The ratio of homovanilic acid/dopamine (HVA/DA) and 3, 4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine (DOPAC/DA) were significantly lower in the MOG and CFA groups on 13th day, indicating decreased DA metabolism. Noradrenaline (NA) concentration did not differ between groups. Moreover, the striatal mRNA IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels were elevated during induction phase of EAE in both groups, as determined by RT-PCR. Our data indicate regulatory connection between dopaminergic and immune systems.

9

Electrophysiological studies on the effects of antidepressant drugs and corticosterone on serotonin receptors in the hippocampus

100%

Zahorodna A. , Tokarski K. , Bijak M.

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

|

2000

|

tom 54

|

nr 3

391-401

EN

Disturbances in the serotonin (5-HT) system and the limbic-hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (LHPA) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. It is well established that hippocampus is a central component of limbic circuitry that participates in the modulation of cognition, mood and behavior, and is involved in the control of the LHPA axis. Therefore, the hippocampus provides a unique environment to study the interplay between serotonergic system, antidepressants and corticosteroids. Activity of hippocampal cells can be modulated by 5-HT via inhibitory 5-HT1A and excitatory 5-HT4 receptors. Repeated treatment with antidepressants increases the responsiveness of hippocampal pyramidal neurons to the 5-HT1A and attenuates the responsiveness to the 5-HT4 receptor agonists, with a time course which correlates with the delayed onsed of the therapeutic effect of antidepressants in humans. Moreover, repeated corticosterone, which may constitute a model of a prolonged nonadaptable stress, has opposite effect on hippocampal responsiveness to the 5-HT1A and 5-HT4 receptor activation. Such an action results in an enhancement of the 5-HT-mediated inhibition by antidepressants and a reduction in the inhibitory effect of 5-HT by corticosterone which may be relevant to antidepressant/antiaxiety and proaxiety effects, respectively, of both treatments.

10

Serotonin increases the phase shift of the circadian locomotor activity rhythm in mice after dark pulses in constant light conditions

88%

Bartoszewicz R. , Barbacka-Surowiak G.

Folia Biologica

|

2007

|

tom 55

|

nr 3-4

101-108

EN

Investigations on the effects of the 5-HT agonists and antagonists on the phase of the circadian locomotor activity rhythm of animals kept in constant light conditions (LL) are rare. Therefore the influence of R-(+)-OH-DPAT (5-HT1A receptors agonist) and metergoline (5-HT1/2/7 receptors antagonist) on the phase shift of the locomotor-activity rhythm alone and when combined with dark pulses in mice kept in LL are examined. The results indicate that 8-OH-DPAT administered independently at 12.00CT (Circadian Time) shifted the phase of the circadian rhythm and reinforced the effect of dark pulses on this parameter. 12.00CT was defined arbitrarily as the onset of locomotor activity in constant conditions. Metergoline diminished the phase shifts after dark pulses compared to 8-OH-DPAT. The influence of the serotonin agonist showed that serotonin can reinforce the phase shifting effect of the locomotor activity rhythm after dark pulses in LL condition.

11

The anatomical relationships between the serotonergic afferents and the neurons containing calcium-binding proteins in the rat claustrum

88%

Wojcik S. , Dziewiatkowski J. , Klejbor I. , Spodnik J. H. , Kowianski P. , Morys J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

|

2006

|

tom 66

|

nr 1

33-42

EN

Claustrum is a telencephalic structure integrating information of various modalities. Proper functioning of this structure depends on the presence of a network of intrinsic connections. This includes GABA-ergic neuronal populations that also contain calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs). The goal of this study was to analyze qualitative and quantitative the 5-HT-containing fibers in the rat claustrum and to assess the relationships between these fibers and the populations of claustral neurons expressing CaBPs. We used the methods of immunocytochemistry and morphometry. The serotonergic fibers in the claustrum are heterogeneous, both with respect to their morphology and spatial distribution. Thin varicose fibers are more numerous and are homogeneously distributed within the claustrum. Remaining fibers were thicker and possessed larger varicosities. They were present mainly in the ventral part of the claustrum. Although the serotonergic fibers are found in the vicinity of claustral cells containing CaBPs, direct contacts between these fibers and cells are rare. Other mechanisms, including volume transmission, may possibly mediate serotonergic influences.

12

Action of serotonin on the laryngeal airway in anaesthetized cats

75%

Szereda-Przestaszewska M. , Kopczynska B.

|

tom 57

|

nr 3

209-216

EN

The pulmonary chemoreflex induced by an intravenous injection of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) in cats consists of prompt apnoea, bradycardia and hypotension, followed by rapid, shallow breathing. The present study had two purposes (1) to compare the effect of 5HT on ventilation and laryngeal resistance in cats and (2) to assess the role of laryngeal afferents in these responses. The effects of an intravenous injection of serotonin at a dose of 0.05 mg per kg of body weight were studied in eighteen anaesthetized cats, breathing spontaneously via a tracheal cannula. In eleven cats the larynx was isolated in situ to measure laryngeal resistance. In post-serotonin apnoea, the expiratory laryngeal resistance rose four-fold. This coincided with the increased afferent activity of the superior laryngeal nerve. In the initial phase of resumed shallow breathing, the increase in the expiratory laryngeal resistance was coupled with reduced tidal volume. Bilateral section of the superior laryngeal nerve failed to affect laryngeal constriction and the ventilatory response to serotonin. Thus laryngeal afferents running within the superior laryngeal nerve are not essential for the respiratory phenomena induced by serotonin.

13

Serotonin 5-HT systems mediate dopamine /DA/ receptor supersensitivity

75%

Kostrzewa R. M. , Gong L. , Brus R.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

|

1993

|

tom 53

|

nr 1

31-41

EN

To study interactions between DA and 5-HT neurochemical systems in the DA D1 supersensitized induction of oral activity in neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine /6-OHDA/ lesioned rats, the effects of a variety of 5-HT receptor agonists and antagonists were determined.