Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

PERSONALITY FACTORS OF THE BIG FIVE AND SELF-ESTEEM IN EXISTENTIAL ANALYSIS

100%

Stempelova J. , Cmarikova A.

Studia Psychologica

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2004

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tom 46

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nr 2

137-143

EN

On the basis of the theoretical principles of existential analysis, particularly logotherapy, an attempt has been made to analyze the relation of a meaningful existence, personality factors and subjectively perceived self-esteem. An investigation into mutual relations between personality factors, existential characteristics and subjectively perceived self-esteem, carried out on a sample of 60 male respondents (30 students of theology and 30 current respondents), revealed that the level of self-esteem negatively correlates with that of the personality factor Neuroticism, and positively with the level of Extraversion, Conscientiousness, the existential characteristics Personality, Existentiality and the overall ESK scores. Personality and Existentiality showed a statistically significant positive correlation with the factors Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, similarly as also did the overall ESK scores which, in addition, showed a significant negative correlation with Neuroticism. The results obtained brought support to the presumed relations among existential characteristics, personality factors and self-esteem.

2

DIFFERENT MODALITIES OF USING FACEBOOK: THE INFLUENCE OF ACTUAL SOCIAL RELATIONS, WELLBEING, AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE MEDIUM

100%

Tartaglia S.

Studia Psychologica

|

2016

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tom 58

|

nr 1

3 – 17

EN

The online social networks attract the social scientists’ attention because of their large diffusion and their social and psychological impact. The majority of the studies focus on Facebook because it is the largest one. There are contrasting opinions on the positivity of that social medium. It is not possible to reach univocal results considering the use of Facebook as a whole. It is better to distinguish different modalities of use. This study investigates these modalities and predicts them on a sample of young adults in Italy. The analyses were carried out in two steps. The first one is identifying the modalities of using Facebook and the attitudes towards it. The second one testing the influence of different predictors: actual social relations, wellbeing, and the attitudes towards the medium. Participants use Facebook in different ways. Implications are discussed.

3

PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF SELF-ESTEEM AND LIFE SATISFACTION

100%

Blatny M. , Jelinek M. , Blizkovska J. , Klimusova H.

Studia Psychologica

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2004

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tom 46

|

nr 2

97-104

EN

The present study deals with the question of discriminant validities of self-esteem and life satisfaction. The research had for aim to analyze the relationship of self-esteem and life satisfaction to factors of the five-factor model of personality and was carried out on a sample of 700 Czech adolescents. Both self-esteem and life satisfaction are connected with emotional stability, extraversion and conscientiousness. Agreeableness is related to life satisfaction, but not to self-esteem. The divergence between self-esteem and life satisfaction is also based on the difference between the closeness of their relations towards neuroticism - the correlation between self-esteem and neuroticism is significantly higher than that between life satisfaction and neuroticism.

4

INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL OF SELECTED SELF SYSTEM COMPONENTS ON DECISION MAKING IN THE EXPERIMENTAL PDG SITUATION

100%

Kovacova E. , Sarmany-Schuller I.

Studia Psychologica

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2008

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tom 50

|

nr 1

11-30

EN

We used the experimental no-zero sum Prisoner's Dilemma Game (PDG) to discover the regulatory function of self-esteem and self-efficacy in decision-making in regard to the cooperative and/or competitive behavior. The experimental sample consisted of 80 students from different types of secondary schools between the ages 16 -19, AM = 17.00, SD = 1.15, who were administered the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, RSES (Rosenberg, 1965) and General self-efficacy scale, GSES (Jerusalem, Schwarzer, 1981) prior to the PDG implementation. 20 girl and 20 boy dyads, based on a voluntary selection, completed a set of 20 PDG games. We did not discover any significant relation between the selected self system concepts and decision-making in PDG. The result on the significance level p > 0.05 was also determined within the level comparison of L (cooperative)/P (competitive) choice in the whole PDG set between the groups of adolescents with a different level of self-esteem/self-efficacy. In accordance with the L and P choice frequency in the individual games we detected stabilization in the strategy choice during choices 10 - 19: in persons with high self-efficacy towards cooperation, in persons with low self-efficacy towards competitiveness. The preferred strategy corresponded to the initial choice. Also determined was decision-making stability in adolescents with high self-assessment, and that towards competitive strategy during choices 6 - 10. On the other hand, persons with low self-esteem level had a tendency to higher risk, and to search for optimal behavior strategy throughout the whole PDG set. We interpret the findings from the viewpoint of social-cognitive theory and conceptual self-esteem determination.

5

SELF-ESTEEM, LOCUS OF CONTROL AND PERSONALITY TRAITS AS PREDICTORS OF SENSITIVITY TO INJUSTICE

100%

Zitny P. , Halama P.

Studia Psychologica

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2011

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tom 53

|

nr 1

27-40

EN

The study analyzes the problem whether locus of control and self-esteem can explain the unique variance in predicting sensitivity to injustice not explained by personality traits and whether personality traits interact with self-esteem and locus of control when predicting sensitivity to injustice. The research was conducted on the Slovak sample of 254 undergraduate students (71 males, 183 females) - mean age 21.3 (range 17-27). Sensitivity to injustice was measured by the Sensitivity to Injustice Questionnaire. To measure self-esteem Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale was used and personality traits were measured by the NEO-FFI. Rotter's Internality-Externality Scale was used to measure the locus of control. The correlation analysis showed that personality traits, locus of control and self-esteem correlate with sensitivity to injustice. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the personality traits explain 30% of cognitive level of sensitivity to injustice variance. Adding locus of control and self-esteem to the predictors increased the variance explained by the model by 4%. The Big five traits explained 10% of the emotional level of sensitivity to injustice variance, locus of control and self-esteem explained additional 5%. Moreover, interaction analysis shows that internal locus of control acts as a buffer against the increase of unjust events perceived by a person with high neuroticism and antagonism.

6

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES CONCERNING THE IMPACT OF FEEDBACK SPECIFYING THE ROLE OF CORE SELF-EVALUATIONS

100%

Krenn B. , Wuerth S. , Hergovich A.

Studia Psychologica

|

2013

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tom 55

|

nr 2

95 – 110

EN

The impact of feedback on performance turned out to be inconsistent with respect to the significance of a wide range of moderating variables. Concerning personality traits, generalized self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability has been shown to affect the processing of feedback. So far, feedback research has observed these traits in isolation, neglecting their interrelations. This study was carried out to investigate the impact of an integrative, higher order concept including these traits (termed as core self-evaluations) on the effects of feedback interventions. Participants (N = 471) received manipulated positive, negative or no feedback (control group) in the scope of two test performances conducted on the computer. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the concept of core self-evaluations. Repeated measures ANOVA did not reveal an effect of core self-evaluations on the impact of feedback. Considering the single traits, solely self-esteem turned out to affect the power of feedback.

7

Atrakcyjność autoprezentacji w sferze społecznej oraz instrumentalnej w sytuacji zagrożenia ja u kobiet i mężczyzn o różnej samoocenie

100%

Stojanowska E.

Studia Psychologica

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2011

|

nr 11/2

35-50

EN

The purpose of experimental research was establishing the role of self-esteem and kind of threat for self-presentation attractiveness in social sphere and intellectual among women and men. Research carried out in group of 120 persons showed that self-esteem differentiated self-presentation attractiveness to different manner among women and men. In female group, independently on situation and declared effort to express definite features, low self-esteem subjects were more attractive in social sphere than high self-esteem persons, however, they did not differ in attractiveness of instrumental sphere. Then in group of man, independently on situation, high self-esteem persons were more attractive in instrumental sphere than low self-esteem persons, but in social sphere, in neutral situation equal as well as social threats, low-self-esteem people were estimated higher than high self-esteem people. Research have showed small sex differences in range of motivation and attractiveness of self-presentation.

8

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS THAT AFFECT SELF-ESTEEM IN TWO CULTURALLY DIVERSE CITIES OF A COUNTRY

100%

Ersoy M. A. , Ozcan D. Y. , Agargun M. Y.

Studia Psychologica

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2008

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tom 50

|

nr 4

415-428

EN

The aim of this study was to investigate sociodemographic factors that affect self-esteem in two culturally diverse cities of Turkey. A total of 860 subjects selected by stratified random sampling method were included. Sociodemographic characteristics, self-esteem, depression levels, perceived loneliness, support levels and anxiety levels were investigated. Self-esteem was found to be negatively related to depression. Situational and continuous anxiety levels were found to be positively related to perceived social and family support levels. Only education level was found to have a direct effect on self-esteem. The level of income, family structure, number of siblings and the province of residence were found to have an indirect effect on self-esteem. The self-esteem of inhabitants of the western city of Izmir was higher and determined mainly by education and financial levels.

9

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM, AGGRESSION AND POVERTY

100%

Mikulášková G. , Adamkovič M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2018

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tom 21

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nr 1

-

EN

The presented study had two objectives - to verify whether there is a difference between the poor and non-poor people in self-esteem and aggression; and to verify if poverty moderates the relationship between self-esteem and aggression. The study hypothesize that people included in the group of poor will experience lower self-esteem and higher aggression compared to the group of non-poor, and additionally that poverty will moderate the link between self-esteem and aggression. The research sample consisted of 86 employed persons (48 women). The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) aged between 25 and 59 (M = 33.58 SD = 8.10); and (2) a permanent monthly income. Two research tools were used - self-esteem was investigated through the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965) and aggression was assessed using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ; Buss & Perry, 1992). The study confirmed that poverty is a determinant of impaired self-esteem, but based on the available evidence, it is not possible to conclude whether or not poverty affects aggression. Moreover, the effect of poverty on moderating the relationship between self-esteem and aggression was confirmed. The link between aggression and self-esteem was found to be weak in the group of poor people, whereas aggression was shown to be a relatively strong predictor of self-esteem in the group of non-poor people. The limitations of this study are the inclusion criteria for the poor (up to 400€), the sample size and the sampling method.

10

CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF ROSENBERG SELF-ESTEEM SCALE IN A SAMPLE OF SLOVAK HIGH SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

100%

Halama P.

Studia Psychologica

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2008

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tom 50

|

nr 3

255-266

EN

The contribution presents the results of confirmatory factor analysis of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) among Slovak subjects. The sample consisted of 920 high school and university students (365 males, 555 females). Using LISREL software, eight different models of factor structure were estimated. The models were formulated on the basis of the previous results, and they included a one-factor model, a one-factor model with correlated uniquenesses of negatively worded items, an one-factor model with correlated uniquenesses of positively worded items, four two-factor models (positive and negative self-esteem, self-liking and self-competence, general and transient self-esteem, self-derogation and defense of self), and a three-factor model (social comparison, positive and negative self-esteem factors). The best fit indices were found for the model one-factor with correlated uniquenesses of negatively worded items representing unidimensional construct contaminated by effect associated with negatively worded items. Satisfactory fit indices were also found for the one-factor model with correlated uniquenesses of the positively worded items, for the two-factor solution with positive and negative self-esteem and for the three factor solution. Correlational analysis revealed that factors based on these models differ in their correlations with Big Five personality traits as measured by NEO-FFI. This suggests that Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale can be used alternatively as one, two or three dimensional measure.

11

OSOBNOSTNÉ FAKTORY PRACOVNEJ SPOKOJNOSTI

100%

Fecková J. , Kopaničáková M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2015

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tom 18

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nr 3

-

EN

The aim of this paper is a) to analyse the relationship between a job satisfaction and personality traits (Big 5) and b) locus of control and self-efficacy and self-esteem. The research sample consists of 137 employed respondents, 73.7% are full-time employed, on part-time is employed 5.8% of respondents, 13.1% are self-employed and 7.3% of respondents has employment agreement. The average age of the research participants is 40.5 years, SD=14, 43, minimal age is 18 years and maximal 62 years. The sample consists of 43.8% men and 56.2% women. The results of the study describe the level of job satisfaction in relation to personality traits, internality/externality and the characteristics of self-evaluation (self-esteem and self-efficacy). The aim of the comparative analysis was to identify gender and parenthood differences in the context of job satisfaction. Part of analysis is to examine the degree of influence of selected factors on the overall level of job satisfaction.

12

DOES MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTING SCHOOL PROGRAM (IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN SCHOOLS) IMPROVE SELF-CONCEPT?

100%

Kobal-Grum D.

Studia Psychologica

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2006

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tom 48

|

nr 2

125-140

EN

Research studies show that a positive and stable self-concept is one of significant indicators of mental health. The aim of the present study is to determine the outcomes of psychological goal settings of a particular mental health enhancement program. We were interested in the influence of the program on students' self-concept and self-esteem, as well as on their dispositions towards school. The program consists of 18 hours of workshops, based mainly on definitions and discussions about mental health and self-concept, as well as about different stress-coping skills. An experimental and a control group were formed. Self-description questionnaires, self-esteem scales, as well as schoolwork questionnaires were administered to the students three times: before and after the program and six months after completion of the program. The data were analyzed with a general linear model for each repeated measure. The results show some statistically significant differences between the two groups, as well as within the experimental group but in general, the evaluated program did not influence structural changes in self-concept and related personality constructs.

13

POSITIVE ORIENTATION AND GENERALIZED SELF-EFFICACY

88%

Oleś P. K. , Alessandri G. , Oleś M. , Bak W. , Jankowski T. , Laguna M. , Caprara Gian V.

Studia Psychologica

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2013

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tom 55

|

nr 1

47 – 59

EN

The beliefs that people hold about themselves, their life and future are important and mutually related constituents of psychological functioning and well-being. In this paper, we investigated the relationship between positive orientation and generalized self-efficacy. The sample consisted of 672 participants aged 15-72 years (274 males). The results confirmed the first hypothesis that positive orientation and generalized self-efficacy constitute two distinct but correlated constructs. The results were confirmed across the three age groups and, contrary to the second hypothesis, age was not confirmed as a moderator of the relationship between positive orientation and self-efficacy.

14

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE STRUCTURE OF SELF-CONCEPT: ARE THE SELF-CONCEPTIONS ABOUT PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS REALLY MORE IMPORTANT FOR WOMEN'S SELF-ESTEEM?

88%

Avsec A.

Studia Psychologica

|

2006

|

tom 48

|

nr 1

31-43

EN

A study was conducted to determine gender differences in the relation between self-esteem and body image. We hypothesized stronger connections between self-conceptions of physical attractiveness and self-esteem for women and consequently important gender differences in the structure of the self. For the purpose of this study 402 students completed three measures of self-concept and self-esteem. Exploratory factor analyses revealed important gender differences: in the women's sample, two physical appearance scales loaded on the first factor alongside three measures of general self, whereas in men, these two scales formed a separate factor together with two scales measuring physical ability or instrumental function of the body. The results are in accordance with the evolutionary theory and societal value placed on women's attractiveness.

15

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SELF-CONCEPT AND SELF-ESTEEM COMPONENTS

88%

Marčič R. , Kobal Grum D.

Studia Psychologica

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2011

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tom 53

|

nr 4

373 – 384

EN

Scientific study of gender differences and similarities is critical to understanding human behaviour. In this research the authors focus on some key concepts of human functioning that are related to a vast number of phenomena: self-concept and its components. They included concepts about gender differences that have not been extensively examined, such as instability and contingency of self-esteem. 339 participants, aged from 19 to 63 years, filled out the following questionnaires: Adult Sources of Self-Esteem Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Instability of Self-Esteem Scale and Contingent Self-Esteem Scale. The results show that males and females do not differ in independent self-concept, self-esteem (level, stability, or contingency). Significant differences appeared mainly in the interdependent self-concept, which seems to show the effect of fundamental bio-socio-psychological influences. Other significant differences were in one aspect of independent self-concept and one aspect of contingent self-esteem.

16

WHAT INDUCES PRIVATE SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS? EFFECTS ON/OF SELF-CONCEPT, SELF-ESTEEM, IRRATIONALITY AND BASIC BELIEFS

88%

Gurnakova J.

Studia Psychologica

|

2004

|

tom 46

|

nr 4

265-272

EN

A sample of 74 students of the Slovak Technical University (37 males, 37 females, mean age 21 and 19, respectively) were administered these methods: the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ, Trapnell, Campbell, 1999), the Self-Concept Complexity Scale (SCS, Gurnáková, 2004), The Masculinity-Feminity Scale (MFS, Kusá, 2000), the Self-oncept Clarity Scale (SCCS, Campbell et al., 1996), the Basic Belief Inventory (BBI, Epstein, 1990) and the Scale of Irrational Beliefs (IPA, Kondás, Kordacová, 2000). From intergroup comparisons it ensues that although four types of subjects with different intensity and modes of private self-consciousness do not significantly differ as regards the adjectives they use to describe themselves, they significantly differ at the level of affective relations towards themselves and the world about them. While rumination is connected with a lower level of self-esteem, more frequent irrational beliefs concerning higher vulnerability and hopelessness and, in general, with less positive basic beliefs about the world, (self-)reflection - with a certain risk of undue idealization - is connected with a more positive view of the world and self, whereby it can compensate, up to a certain degree, for the negative consequences of rumination.

17

MEANING IN LIFE AND HOPE AS PREDICTORS OF POSITIVE MENTAL HEALTH: DO THEY EXPLAIN RESIDUAL VARIANCE NOT PREDICTED BY PERSONALITY TRAITS?

88%

Halama P. , Dedova M.

Studia Psychologica

|

2007

|

tom 49

|

nr 3

191-200

EN

The study examines the question whether meaning in life and hope can explain unique variance of positive mental health not predicted by personality traits. The sample consisted of 148 adolescents (73 males, 75 females) ranging in age from 16 to 19 years. NEO-FFI was used to measure the big five traits, Halama's Life Meaningfulness Scale for measuring meaning in life and Snyder's Hope Scale for measuring hope. To measure positive mental health, use was made of Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. The correlation analysis showed that personality traits, meaning in life and hope have significant correlation with positive mental health variables. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the big five traits explain 26.1% of life satisfaction variance. Meaning in life but not hope explained additional 8% of variance of life satisfaction. The Big five traits explained 42.4% of self-esteem variance, hope explained additional 8% and meaning in life 4%. The results confirmed that meaning in life is an independent predictor of both life satisfaction and self-esteem, and hope is an independent predictor of self-esteem.

18

COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING AS RELATED TO ANXIETY AND SELF-ESTEEM

88%

Prokopcakova A. , Ruiselova Z.

Studia Psychologica

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2008

|

tom 50

|

nr 4

429-435

EN

The research study deals with the occurrence and characteristics of counterfactual thinking (CT) in a sample of 456 nurses, and relationships between this type of thinking and personality - of its characteristics, those studied were anxiety, self-esteem, rumination, reflection, curiosity, aggressiveness and depressiveness. Results showed a higher CT occurrence and higher rumination and reflection level related to higher anxiety, the relation between CT frequency and level of self-esteem was not significant. CT as a help to possible future problem solving (representing the adaptive function of CT) is mentioned by up to 77.26% of nurses. This contribution (help) is related to a higher level of curiosity and reflection and a lower level of anxiety.

19

Self-esteem and social support in the occupational stress-subjective health relationship among medical professionals

88%

Ostrowski T. M.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2009

|

tom 40

|

nr 1

13-19

EN

The starting point for the presented study was the concept by House who construed social support as buffering the impact of work-related stress on health. Self-esteem was taken under consideration as the other potential stress buffer. It was hypothesized that both social support and self-esteem would have a salutogenic effect, since they attenuate the experience of occupational stress and reduce health problems associated with the experienced job stress. Participants in the study were 361 medical professionals representing various specialties. They were examined using the Subjective Job Evaluation Questionnaire by Dudek et al., the Mood and Health State Questionnaire by Rzesa, the Self-Esteem Scale by M. Rosenberg and Significant Other Scale by Power et al. The higher was the respondents' occupational stress, the poorer was their subjective physical health. Such components of occupational stress as responsibility, psychological strain due to job complexity, lack of rewards at work, and a sense of threat were found to be most important in this respect. These four components of occupational stress were interrelated and constituted a feedback loop. The study confirmed a salutogenic role of self-esteem, contributing to subjective health improvement. Satisfaction with social support had also a positive role, since it reduced the amount of experienced job stress, thus exerting a health-promoting effect. There was a direct negative feedback loop between self-esteem and somatic health problems. Irrespective of that, satisfaction with social support was found to interact with perceived occupational stress in a negative feedback loop. However, neither of these two factors, i.e. self-esteem and social support, had an effect of buffering the impact of occupational stress on health. This suggests that the initial model proposed by House as well as the present author's earlier research findings obtained from a smaller sample should be revised.

20

PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS, SENSE OF COHERENCE AND SELF-ESTEEM AS RISK/PROTECTIVE FACTORS FOR SMOKING AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

88%

Gajdosova B. , Orosova O. , Madarasova G. A. , Tavel P. , van D. J. P.

Studia Psychologica

|

2009

|

tom 51

|

nr 2-3

183-192

EN

The effect of personality (extraversion, neuroticism, psychotics), self-esteem and sense of coherence on smoking among university students (n = 830, mean age 20.5 years, data collected in 2004, Slovakia) was explored using logistic regression separately among males and females. Higher extraversion plus, among females, higher negative self-esteem and lower meaningfulness, increase the probability of being a smoker. It is important to take into account the different function of personality in health promotion. In this case extraversion and negative self-esteem seem to be the risk factors, while meaningfulness seems to be a protective factor with regard to smoking.