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Centrum Handlu Elektronicznego

100%

Swarcewicz R.

tom nr 4

64-65

PEČEŤ JAKO OBRAZ INDIVIDUA. NĚKOLIK PŘÍKLADŮ Z PROSTŘEDÍ PŘEDSTAVENÝCH MORAVSKÝCH KLÁŠTERŮ V RANÉM NOVOVĚKU

99%

Bolom-Kotari M.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

2017

tom 21

nr 2

297 – 309

The paper focuses on the communicating capacity of seals of superiors of Moravian monasteries at the end of middle ages and in the early modern age. It pays attention to the intention of the seal owners, but also to the existing seal matrices and to the impressions made by them. At the beginning an idea of the seal owner to get a seal matrix stands in the process of making seal. Paper follows different motives, which finally led to the creating of matrix and its usage. Almost every seal contains more levels of information. Information is connected and operates together, but not all of them are generally understandable and not all of them have constant validity. Next to the identifying function, which is closely connected to the credibility, legal force and validity, it is necessary to understand the seal as a mean of representation as well. Last but not least we can see the seal as a mirror to the contemporary historical context, which reflects the place of its origin and the position of its owner in the contemporary social structures.

SEALS OF MEDIEVAL HUNGARIAN KINGDOM AS MEANS OF COMMUNICATION IN COURT PRACTICE AND PROPERTY PROTECTION

85%

Glejtek M.

Konštantínove listy

2022

tom 15

nr 1

11 - 23

In medieval society seals used to be important instruments, bearing a wide range of applications. Closer attention is usually paid to their connection to documents with legal content. When attached to charters and letters they fulfilled several functions such as authenticating, authorizing and enclosing them. Researchers usually do not pay as much attention to other uses of seals that have no direct connection to written documents. In the Early Middle Ages, seals were also used for court summons and for sealing the wounds during ordeals. In the Late Middle Ages, we know of their application for property protection against unauthorized manipulation. Seals used to safeguard cases with seal matrices, money or insignia as well as reliquaries. This study introduces the ways seals had been used based on written legal, diplomatic and narrative sources from specific periods.

HERALDIKA STREDOVEKÝCH SPIŠSKÝCH PREPOŠTOV, PREDOVŠETKÝM VO SVETLE SFRAGISTICKÝCH PAMIATOK (14. – 16. STOROČIE)

85%

Glejtek M.

Konštantínove listy

2021

tom 14

nr 1

65 - 87

Heraldry was an important part of the culture of the medieval European society. This identifying system was originally connected primarily with the military. Later, however, the use of the coats of arms extended to the sphere of the church. In the 14th century, the coats of arms began to be actively used by high-ranking representatives of chapters. This study focuses on the coats of arms used by the medieval provosts of the Spiš collegiate chapter of St. Martin. The study of the church heraldry depends, first of all, on the amount of available sources. In the case of the Spiš provosts, the preserved items are primarily seals and also some artistic items from the architectural context. Until now, the evidence of the use of the coat of arms or the preserved heraldic elements by ten medieval provosts has been found. In most cases, these belong to the hereditary coat of arms of nobility which, by the end of the medieval period, displayed also insignia to indicate rank in a church. Although we are far from complete mapping of all coats of arms which were in use in Spiš, thanks to the preserved sources we can reconstruct their history and development rather well. Several items discussed in this paper have not been published, neither used in history research so far.

NEZNÁME CIRKEVNO‑SFRAGISTICKÉ ARTEFAKTY ZO STREDOVEKÉHO SPIŠA

71%

Glejtek M.

Konštantínove listy

2016

tom 9

nr 1

50 – 63

Seals are one of the specific sources which can be used to study medieval history. The seals of the ecclesiastical institutions and ecclesiastical individuals form an exceptional group in terms of iconography. A necessary condition for their use is first and foremost to make them accessible to professional researchers, to study and analyse them and publish the findings. The following text introduces a few fragmentary sources, the seals of the Church representatives from Spiš dated to the 14th and 15th centuries. The seals of three representatives of the religious orders (Benedictines, Cistercians and the Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre) and three priests of the Spiš parishes are presented. The seals were part of four documents made in a privilegial way. The contribution focuses sigillographic and iconographic analysis of the mentioned seals.