The focus of the present analysis is to examine if the different stages of family life cycle have any influence on life and family satisfaction and family stress. The family life cycle consists of different stages, for example: a newly married person without children, a parent with child in preschool age or a parent with adult children. Data which we analysed were from ESS (European Social Survey), third round from Slovakia. The results showed the significant differences between family cycle groups in each examining dependent variable. We observed that life and family satisfaction are not uniform during the family life. The highest satisfaction is at the beginning, reported by the newly married individuals. On the other hand, the lowest is in the ‘empty nest’ stage. Family stress is highest in the families with young children (preschool age).
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The paper is devoted to the concept of truth in mathematics. The starting point is Tarski's definition of truth. The philosophical background of this definition is discussed, its meaning for the language of mathematics and for philosophy, its relation to various definitions of truth. The relation provability vs. truth is also considered. With use of some results of mathematical logic, it is shown that the conditions from Tarski's definition are too weak to assure the uniqueness of interpretation of truth predicate. It is also shown that semantic notions such as satisfaction and truth are not finitistic and require the concept of infinity.
An analysis of health promoting behaviors in the Czech adult population - sporting (n = 272) and non-sporting (n = 128) - and a comparison with German (n = 400) and Russian (n = 400) adults is presented in this article. In the investigation a questionnaire was employed called 'Sport, Health and Body Concepts in Central and Eastern Europe' which included mostly closed questions requiring answers on a Lickert type scale. Sporting adults were found to be more satisfied with their personal well-being, their health and bodies, they suffer less from psychosomatic difficulties (restless sleep, headache, backache, digestion problems, easily feeling weary) and their attitudes to health were more mature (healthier way of living, more regular visits to the physician, smoking less often, greater care of health, better condition and appearance).
This study was designed to examine the role played by the coach in competitive sports by analysing the motivational climate created in the team and its relationship with player commitment. Spanish versions of the questionnaires MCSYS (Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sport; Smith, Cumming, & Smoll, 2008) and SCQe (Sport Commitment Questionnaire; Scalan, Simons, Carpenter, Schmidt, & Keeler, 1993) were administered to 929 male competitive soccer players, mean age of 12.2 years. According to the MCSYS scores, the players’ perceived motivational climate was classified as four profiles defined by combinations of low or high mastery/ego (low/low, high/low, low/high and high/high). The results obtained indicate a relationship between perceived motivational climate and commitment to the game. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed in the light of the motivational climate generated by the coach in the sport context.
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Loyalty of customers in the insurance services market is determined by numerous factors. The factors with the highest share in building loyalty attitudes include the offer conditions, credibility and confidence in the insurance company and premium amount. The location of the insurance agency, on the other hand, has the lowest influence on the loyalty of the customer to the insurer.
The paper investigates whether cognitive style congruence of managers and employees on the analytic-intuitive dimension influence employee communication satisfaction. The cognitive style and employee communication satisfaction was measured in 136 manager/employee dyads. Polynomial regression and surface analysis were used to analyse communication satisfaction under four conditions. First, an analytic congruence condition where both manager and employee are analytical, second, an intuitive congruence condition where both are intuitive, third, an incongruence condition where an intuitive manager manages an analytic employee, and fourth, another incongruence condition where an analytic manager manages an intuitive employee. Results supported the similarity effect hypothesis indicating that congruence increases employee communication satisfaction in general. Furthermore, the surface analysis also allowed us to see that the communication satisfaction is higher in the intuitive congruence condition. The study did not support the hypothesis that in incongruent dyads intuitive managers are preferred.
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Based on empirical findings of the ISSP survey the study analyses public perception of rights in democracy, satisfaction with how the democracy works, and external and internal efficacy. Some results are compared in time. The paper conceptualizes the satisfaction with democracy as satisfaction with good governance; furthermore it explores what are the main factors which influence satisfaction with democracy. The author concludes that Slovak citizens give preference to the social rights whereas the political ones (including participation) are perceived as less important. The external efficacy (responsiveness of political elites, level of corruption, fairness, impartiality etc.) has stronger explanatory power than internal efficacy in regard to democracy satisfaction. On the other hand the internal efficacy (interest in politics, cognitive understanding, participation potential etc.) has declined during last nine years.
Does a coherentist version of rationality issue requirements on states? Or does it issue requirements on processes? This paper evaluates the possibility of process-requirements. It argues that there are two possible definitions of state- and process-requirements: a satisfaction based definition and a content-based definition. The author demonstrates that the satisfaction-based definition is inappropriate. It does not allow us to uphold a clear-cut distinction between state- and process-requirements. We should therefore use a content-based definition of state- and process-requirements. However, a content-based definition entails that rationality does not issue process-requirements. Content-based process requirements violate the principle that ‘rationality requires’ implies ‘can satisfy’. The conclusion of this paper therefore amounts to a radical rejection of process-requirements of rationality.
The author ś aim in this paper is to provide a series of arguments against the conception of emotional truth. If we accept the idea that emotions are eligible for being truth-apt, then we are conceding to the view that emotions are capable of having epistemic warrant. Many contemporary writers regard this kind of warrant as the concept of appropriateness or fittingness that is taken to be analogous to truth in the emotional realm (e.g. D’Arms – Jacobson 2000a, Nussbaum 2001, de Sousa 2002, Morton 2002, Goldie 2004). Yet, if we allow an analogy between appropriateness and truth, it would seem to allow that emotions are capable of being true or false. However, the author argues against the concept of truth in the emotional realm, for there are some emotions that cannot be reduced to propositional attitudes which are eligible for being truth-apt, unlike beliefs, thoughts, and judgments. The author shall demonstrate these cases in terms of recalcitrant emotions. Especially, he argues that some emotions are not eligible for being truth-apt by utilizing the notion of ‘direction of fit’. He argues that emotions have neither directions of fit, since emotion is only embedded in belief or desire. Finally, the author concludes that appropriateness of emotions differs from truth or satisfaction by demonstrating that the norms of belief/desire differ from norms of emotion. Hence, he argues, it is a mistake to give an account of all these, namely, belief, desire and emotion in terms of rationality.
In implicit psychology, Western culture primarily equates quality of life with good health, a well-functioning family and then with the possession of material goods or mammon - money. According to the political élite in advanced countries, the quality of life is ensured mainly by economy - height of the GDP symbolized mainly by the cost of the shopping basket. But what about the sick, the handicapped and the aging? The non-quality of their life was first noticed by medical experts in the early 30s of the 20th century. They primarily underlined relief from pain - discomfort, independence from medicaments, medical aids, the milieu. More or less in parallel with them, the quality of life also came to be noted by psychologists. Their principal criteria for it came to be subjective experiencing of satisfaction, well-being and happiness. Gradually, the phenomenon of quality of life became a subject of scrutiny by sociologists, environmentalists, political scientists; their numerous criteria for the quality of life are selectively dealt with here. The present study understandably lays stress on the psychological concepts of the quality of life. The principal terms are delimitated in confrontation with the views of various authors, methodical procedures are dealt with as problematic issues and certain methods.The author gives an outline of his own model of the quality of life which, in comparison with existing concepts, and underlines especially the basal (universal) plane, from the individual-specific (civilizing) and meta (cultural-spiritual) level. Quality of life represents a mega-problem for the oncoming epoch of mankind, bringing along paradigmatic changes in psychology, both on the theoretical plane and in application: from psycho-correction, psychotherapy, to optimization and prevention. These are the aims of the new challenge to psychologists for developing positive psychology.
A survey of conceptual, theoretical and methodological studies and apprehension of the quality of life. Following a brief historical review, the survey illustrates an integration model of the quality of life, which distinguishes between basal (universal), individual (civilizing) and elite (cultural-spiritual) quality of life; the meaning of life operates there as a systematic (universal) psycho-regulator of 'good' life. Up to now, the Slovak psychologists have not created a specific method of their own, they have adapted several methods from abroad, e.g. WHOQOL-BREF, Bern Questionnaire of Well-Being, Irish SEIQoL and others. Listed in the references are major specialized events (workshops and conferences) on the quality of life in the Slovak Republic in 1994 - 2006 as well as corresponding the grant research projects. The study concludes with the demands for plausible psychological research of the quality of life as the new paradigm for a positive psychology movement.
The importance of country brand image has been assessed and based on the reviews of recent developments in nation branding worldwide. To evaluate the loyalty of the visitors the impact of satisfaction and brand image has been evaluated. Quantitative data from Czech Republic have been utilized and PLS modelling was used to evaluate the relative impact of satisfaction and brand image.
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