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Transect survey of artificial 137Cs and natural 40K in moss and bilberry leaf samples from two main valleys from Tatra National Park

100%

Kubica B. , Skiba S. , Mietelski J. W. , Golas J. , Kubica M. , Stobinski M. , Tuteja-Krysa M. , Tomankiewicz E. , Gaca P. , Krzan Z.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

2004

tom 13

nr 2

This paper presents the results of determination of artificial 137Cs and natural 40K activity concentrations in plants (bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and moss (Polytrichum commune)) and in soil samples from two main Tatra Valleys; Kościeliska and Rybi Potok Valley. The data were obtained during two years (2001- 02). These plants are known a as good bio-monitors for radioceasium [1,2 ]. It is known that 137Cs and 40K isotopes play important roles in the environment, due to their good assimilation by plants. The transfer of these elements from soil to plant depends of many factors: type of soil, organic matter contents, pH, type of plants. In this paper some results concerning the transfer of 137 Cs and 40K isotopes from various types of Tatra soil to moss or bilberry are shown.

Budowa i struktura tatrzanskich gornoreglowych borow swierkowych o charakterze pierwotnym w dolinach Rybiego Potoku, Panszczycy i Gasienicowej

75%

Karczmarski J.

Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Silvestris

1995

tom 33

167-198

Praca zawiera charakterystykę wybranych tech górnoreglowych drzewostanów świerkowych o charakterze pierwotnym, znajdujących się w rezerwacie ścisłym Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego. Badania przeprowadzono na 5 klasycznych, stałych powierzchniach doświadczalnych, w latach 1990-91 Na podstawie liсzby drzew, zasobności drzewostanów, krzywych rozkładów pierśnic i wysokości, budowy warstwowej, struktury wieku, żywotności, miąższości posuszu stojącego i leżącego oraz liczebności odnowienia scharakteryzowano budowę i strukturę oraz stadia i fаzу rozwojowe tych drzewostanów.

The aim of work was to study the constitution, structure, productivity, and dynamics of selected parts of loose spruce stands of primitive character in the Tatra upper forest zone. The description of the relatively well preserved stands, where the intervention of man is strictly, makes it possible to estimate the stability and direction of changes in natural forests which are affected by unfavourable climatic conditions and at the same time by intensified industrial pollution deforming forest environments The investigation was carried out in 1990 1991 on permanent experimental sites of 0.5 ha at the altitude of 1388-1497 m above sea level (Table 1). All the stands of the upper montane zone represent spruce forest assocation (Plagiothecio-Piceetum tatricum) оf growth quality classification IV-V (Table 3), in various stages and developmental phases of the primitive forest. The plots "Ścieciska Wyżnie" and "Żółty Potok" are in the stage of upgrowing, phases of regeneration and harvest, respectively, the plots "Dwoisty Żleb" and "Dolina Pańszczycy" are in the optimum stage, while the "Las Gąsienicowy" stand reached the stage of destruction (Table I, figs 4 8.) In the investigated stands the number of tress depends on the developmental stage, amounting from 840 tress/ha at the upgrowing stage to 390 trees/ha at the stage of destruction (Table 1). The stand volume varies from 419 454 m3/ha, being smaller (250 m3/ha) only at the stage of upgrowing on the „Ścieciska Wyżnie" site (Table 2). In spite of the many- or multi-storied age structure (Table 1) the stand representing the optimal and the destruction stage showed the normal distribution of diameters at breast height (Table 5, fig. 2). The greatest maximum dimensions (diameter at breast heigh оf 71 cm and heigh of 32 m) were found in spruce tress at the phase of selection cutting of the upgrowing stage ("Żółty Potok"), the greatest variability of these traits being observed at the same time their (Table 5). This stand shows a complicated stories constitution (Table 6) and at the same time a steplike and vertical density. On the remaining plots the upper layer dominates (61-62%) (Table 6, fig.3), though the one-storied constitution of the stand is not so distinctly developed as in spruce forests of Babia Góra National Park. The number and volume of standing deadwood varies from 2,5% of number and 0,7% of volume of living tress at upgrowing stage in the "Ścieciska Wyżne" plot, to 28,7% and 15%, respectively in the ageing phase of the optimum stage ("Dolina Pańszczyсу") (Table 2, fig. 2). The volume of lying tress is smaller, varying from 5.5 to almost (68 m3/ha, i.e. 1.5-15.2% of the stand volume (Table 7). According to IUFRO classification (Table 8) the vitality of spruce is 19-21, corresponding to the category of normally developed tress. The stand of selection cutting constitution is characterized by the highest vitality. Thus, the number and volume of standing deadwood, the volume of lying deadwood, and tile normal vitality of the investigated stands show that in the Tatra Mountains the spruce forests of virgin character did not manifest signs of intensified weakness and dieback The self-thinning of tress was associated with the natural processes of decline due to the competition for environmental factors and the dieback of tress of the oldest generations. The process of natural regeneration of spruce occurs with a poor intensity since the number of self-sown plants is small (Table 9), this probably resulting from the rare occurrence of seed years and a strong competition of undergrowth plants. Yet, the occurrence of spruce upgrowth amounting to about 60-500 individuals/ha (Table 9), ensures the continuity of forest regeneration Analysis of separate developmental stages (Table 1, figs 4-8) shows that in natural Tal га spruce forests of the upper montane zone the number of tress varies from about 840/ha at the stage of maturation to less than 400/ha at the destruction stage. At the optimum stage forests reach the greatest stand volume, though it does not exceed 500 in3. These results confirm the usefulness of the model of the primitive fines! developmental cycle, elaborated by Korpel for stands in the upper montane forest zone in the altitude belt of 1400-1550 m above sea level.