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Rusíni a problém vymedzenia ich územia v druhej polovici 19. a na začiatku 20. storočia

100%

Švorc P.

tom 18

180-198

In the second half of the 19th and in the early 20th centuries the Hungarian Ruthenians belonged to the least developed European nations in terms of national, cultural as well as economic life. They considered confessional identity more important than ethnic identity. The Ruthenians claimed allegiance to the Greek Catholic religion. However, they had three different answers to the question of what nationality they belonged to: Ruthenian – as the indigenous population of north-eastern Hungary, Ukrainian and Russian. This ethnic dilemma also complicated the issue of the determination of their territory, especially in relation to the Slovak population. In the 19th and early 20th centuries the ethnicity as well as the settlement of the Ruthenian population attracted the attention of the scholars of other nationalities rather than Ruthenians themselves. Their findings were often inconsistent, especially as far as the determination of their western ethnic boundary was concerned. The scholars were confused by the Greek Catholic faith of the population as well as the ambiguous census results. These were factors that complicated the demarcation of the provincial boundary in the new state of Czechoslovakia between the Subcarpathian Ruthenia and Slovakia after the collapse of Austria-Hungary and Subcarpathian Ruthenia’s joining of the newly established Czechoslovak Republic.

POSTAVENIE RUSÍNSKEJ A UKRAJINSKEJ MENŠINY NA SLOVENSKU V PODMIENKACH ČESKOSLOVENSKA (1918–1992)

88%

Gajdoš M. , Konečný S.

nr 27

The authors of the study present the development of legal and social status of the ethnic minority of Ruthenians and Ukrainians in Slovakia during the existence of the Czechoslovak state. Based on recent scholarship, in the first part of the study the authors characterize basic features of the minority and explain factors and circumstances which contributed to the annexation of the territories populated by this minority by the Czechoslovak state. The fact that Ruthenians and Ukrainians lived continuously on the annexed territory, as well as the factor of establishing of the formally autonomous region of Subcar- pathian Ruthenia, meant that members of this minority were characterized by several specifics which are dealt with in detail in the study. The democratic regime of the Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938) enabled development of self-governed minority bodies in the benefit of the members of the community. After the restoration of Czechoslovakia and the definitive separation from the majority of ethnicities, the new political conditions leads to artificial inter- ventions in the ethnic minority ethnogenesis. This has led to a decline in its number and weakening of national attributes. After the collapse of the communist regime, the development of the minority is limited, especially, by its partition and some temporary consequences of social transformation in Slovakia.

Rola tradycji w procesie zacieśniania więzi etnicznej Łemków (druga połowa XIX - początek XX wieku)

75%

Wójtowicz B.

nr 1

507-516