Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Medieval sacred monuments on the territory of Halych-Volynian Rus’: the history of research in the XIX – early XX centuries

100%

Lutsyk I. , Bulyk N.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

|

2022

|

tom 70

245-274

EN

The article is devoted to the history of the discovery of and research into medieval monuments of sacred architecture and their complexes from the princely Halych and Volhynian territory, carried out during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It reflects the circumstances and conditions for researching the territory, which, due to historical events, were part of different empires (namely, the Russian and Habsburg). It is noted which scientists and institutions were engaged in the study of antiquities and under whose control such study took place. The article presents the main results of archaeological and architectural studies of sacred architecture, the complex of remains of wooden and brick temples held in Volhynia and Podillia, namely in Lutsk, Volodymyr and the surrounding area, Bakota on the Dniester, as well as in Eastern Galicia and Bukovyna, namely Halych and its environs, and Vasyliv. In this context, the discovery of burials within or outside churches and in church cemeteries was noted. Emphasis was made on the discoveries of the remains of the princes in the Assumption Cathedral in Volodymyr.

2

The Attack of the Rus’ on Constantinople in the Light of the Chronicon Bruxellense

100%

Fylypchuk O.

|

2022

|

tom 12

417-435

EN

The Chronicon Bruxellense does not simply provide useful information on the date of the date (year, month, and day) of the Rus’ attack on the Constantinople (18 June 860), but is crucial for a deeper understanding of nature of this chronicle and his sources. The article reveals important details about the date and structure of the Chronicon Bruxellense. It also offers his sources of description of Rus’ raid and identifies George Monachus Continuatus’s chronicle as the principal model. By seeking to construction the victory over the Rus’, his anonymous author presents as a skilled compiler. This paper engages with recent discussion on the first attack of Rus’ on the Constantinople, while also contributing to the renewed interest in the reception of the Chronicon Bruxellense in the late Byzantine literature.

3

Документ і влада на Галицькій Русі пізнього середньовіччя (У зв’язку з монографією Sven Jaros, Integrationen im Grenzraum. Akteure und Felder multikonfessioneller Herrschaftsaushandlung in Kronruthenien (1340–1434), Berlin–Boston 2021 [Europa im Mittelalter, Bd. 41])

100%

Зазуляк Ю.

Studia z Dziejów Średniowiecza

|

2023

|

nr 26

423-438

EN

The article provides an overview of the recent book written by the German historian Sven Jaros which examines the history of the political process, local elites, and the documentary culture in Halych Rus’ (Red Ruthenia) during the period of the 1340s – 1430s. The book offers a new interpretation of the power relations and the formation of the local elites in the region with a focus on the detailed analysis of the charters issued by the rulers from the Piast, Anjou, and Jagiellon dynasties, as well as by their governors for the local noblemen, townsmen, and commoners. In his analysis Jaros discusses the composition of the groups of the recipients of charters according to their ethnic, social, and geographic origin. The analysis continues with an examination of the mobility of the rulers, governors, and recipients. It seeks to trace the connections between the geographies of the issue of a charter, the property granted, and the residence of the recipients. The book contains short excursions on the beginnings of the Latin Church and the state of the Orthodox Churches in Crown Rus’ under the rule of Casimir III, the Great, as well as on the practices of cura animarum in the region. Jaros concludes that the continuity and changes in the forms of local political communication and the political order, as reflected in the rulers’ charters for Crown Rus’, determined the political and institutional space for the formation of the local nobility as a supra-ethnic and supra-confessional community. The second part of the book consists of a register (repertorium) of all known charters and their deperdita issued for the region’s recipients by the rulers and their governors during the given period. The register is accompanied by observations on the main characteristics of the available corpus of diplomas and charters for the history of Galicia, which highlights the institutional means of their preservation, the correlation between the surviving originals and copies, the mentions of lost documents, etc. The review also offers alternative explanations of some problems raised in the book, such as how some local knightly clans were formed, or the nature of military service and property rights in the lands of Halych Rus’ and its relations to the written documents issued to confirm such rights.

4

“Within One’s Inner Circle”: The Identity of Ruthenian Szlachta (Noblemen) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the Time of the Union of Lublin (the Case of Filon Kmita Czarnobylski)

86%

Koluzaeva I.

|

nr 5

EN

“Within One’s Inner Circle”: The Identity of Ruthenian Szlachta (Noblemen) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the Time of the Union of Lublin (the Case of Filon Kmita Czarnobylski)The main aim of this article is to reconstruct the Ruthenian nobleman’s (szlachcic) perception of “us” and “the sphere of familiarity” in the second half of the sixteenth century and to place him within his respective communities and social groups by analyzing successive levels of his identity. It seems to be particularly important to study ideas and awareness of the common representative of the Ruthenian political nation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as scholars have so far been paying attention only to the notions of identity held by particular representatives of the elite, or else by intellectuals. Clientelist relationships of particular Ruthenian families, which are of crucial importance for reconstructing the complete image of the period, have not commonly been the subject of scientific research.The main thesis posited by this work is that the perception of one’s inner, familiar circle, of “us” as opposed to “them,” in the case of Ruthenian nobility was as multilevel as their national identity. To elucidate the posed questions, I am going to analyze Filon Kmita’s personal correspondence, his public, family and matrimonial relationships, the social practices he engaged in, and military and official environments to which he belonged.Such approach can help us not only to reconstruct the circle of relationships of this remarkable person but also to show how one of three primary nations of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – the Ruthenians – was experienced from the perspective of one of its representatives. „W kręgu swoich”: O świadomości ruskiej szlachty Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w dobie Unii Lubelskiej (na przykładzie Filona Kmity Czarnobylskiego)Głównym zadaniem mojego artykułu jest rekonstrukcja postrzegania „swojskości” przez ruskiego szlachcica z drugiej połowy XVI wieku oraz analiza jego wielopoziomowej świadomości, która umożliwi usytuowanie tego pojęcia w systemie odniesień poszczególnych grup i zbiorowości społecznych. Szczególnie istotne wydaje się zbadanie horyzontów i wyobrażeń przeciętnego przedstawiciela ruskiego narodu politycznego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w XVI wieku, dotychczas uczeni skupiali się bowiem najczęściej na wyobrażeniach elit (zwłaszcza ich pojedynczych przedstawicieli) lub intelektualistów, a związki klientalne poszczególnych rodzin ruskich, niezwykle istotne dla skonstruowania całościowego obrazu, praktycznie nie były przez nich jeszcze badane. Jedna z najważniejszych tez mojego artykułu zakłada, że świadomość przynależności do takiego „kręgu swoich” była jednym z nieodłącznych elementów ówczesnej ruskiej tożsamości. Jednocześnie zarówno postrzeganie „swoich”, jak i świadomość narodowa ruskiej szlachty charakteryzowały się wielopoziomową strukturą. Aby uzyskać rzucić światło na tak postawione kwestie, analizie poddam korespondencję osobistą Filona Kmity, jego powiązania społeczno-rodzinne, związki małżeńskie, zależności klientalne, praktyki społeczne, otoczenie wojskowe i służbowe. Takiego rodzaju podejście może pomóc nie tylko w przedstawieniu konkretnej jednostki (wprawdzie wybitnej, ale pozostającej poza środowiskiem elity Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego), lecz również w prezentacji trzeciego największego narodu Rzeczypospolitej w XVI wieku z punktu widzenia jednego z jego przedstawicieli.

5

Okucia z wczesnośredniowiecznego grodu w Miliczu

86%

Kolenda J.

|

nr 1-2

129-141

EN

Excavations of the early medieval stronghold at Milicz in Lower Silesia revealed, in a layer of burning dated from the end of the 10th to the mid 11th c., an extensive group of luxury items associated with ethnically foreign elites of the Piast state. Of particular interest is a set of objects made of non-ferrous metals, including gilded silver artifacts combining heart-shaped and palmette motifs in the decoration. The fittings must have decorated an ornamental belt, horse harness or bag. The assortment and execution of objects from this set, which is of considerable value from a Lower Silesian perspective, can be referred to artifacts known from the great centers of the Piast domain, such as Gniezno and Lednica; it thus highlights the position held by Milicz and its importance in the contemporary state.

6

Early Urban Communes under German Law in Halyč-Volhynian Rus’ (the Thirteenth to the Mid-Fourteenth Century)

86%

Janeczek A.

Acta Poloniae Historica

|

2019

|

tom 119

PL

From the late twelfth century onwards, the German law became a universal organisational pattern of urban communes spread across Central Europe. Yet, the type of urban commune developed under the German law exceeded the limes of Latin Europe and the bounds of Central Europe, and extended to the area of Rus’ – notably, the Halyč-Volhynian Principality – in as early as the thirteenth century. The new communal forms emerged as a group law for the arrivals flowing in from the West, mainly the Germans. These organisations, alien to Rus’, emerged within the former, and still functioning, vernacular urban layouts – in the large political and commercial centres of Halyč-Volhynian Rus’. Their development in multiple forms can be traced: initially, settlement of a group of comers from the West – as in Chełm after 1240; a commune of foreign guests, led by an alderman – as in Przemyśl and Lemberg (Lwów, L’viv) before 1300; a self-governed commune – as in Volodimer before 1324; a law-based city – as in Sanok in 1339. These new developments were reflected in the terms used to describe the new realities: it was then, in the thirteenth century, that the word městič (‘burgher’) appeared in Old Rus’ian, a derivative of město (initially denoting a ‘locus’ later on, ‘urbs’).

7

Arcybiskup Aleksy i strigolnicy. Pontyfikat w cieniu herezji

72%

Grala M.

|

2023

|

nr 2(37)

11-34

EN

One of the most interesting issues in the history of the Orthodox Church in the Middle Ages is the existence of the strigolniki heresy in the 14th and 15th centuries – a peculiar religious movement contesting the official teaching of the Orthodox Church and negating church hierarchical structures. In this article, the author focused on analyzing the actions of Archbishop Alexius, who was the first clergyman to take decisive action to end the heresy spreading in his eparchy

8

Grób z wagą szalkową z wczesnośredniowiecznego cmentarzyska w Bodzi pod Włocławkiem

58%

Kara M.

|

nr 1-2

143-162

EN

The author presents the results of a study of a grave (presumed cenotaph) from the early 11th c., discovered in the early medieval cemetery in Bodzia in the eastern Kuyavia region of Poland. The grave, which is unique not only from the perspective of the cemetery in question, contained among others an incomplete, disassembled folding balance for weighing precious metals. The elements of this balance were deposited in two separate clusters inside a box coffin. A comparative analysis of the object has placed it within the sphere of funerary practices of a secular elite inhabiting the Baltic zone in the 10th–11th c., particularly the Scandinavians, Rus’ and Finno-Ugric peoples and Prussians. Folding balance from burial contexts, found in a similarly incomplete and disassembled state as in Bodzia, are known from Finland, from cemeteries dated to the 11th c.