Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Verification of Climate Change Using Rainfall and Temperature Data as Indicators in the Arid Zone of the Sudan 1981 to 2010

100%

Elbasher O. A. M. , Abdalla A. K. , Abdalla A. E. , Mohammed H. M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2023

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tom 47

61-83

EN

Climate change is one of the most serious environmental and socio-economic problems of our time especially in arid areas. Sudan with the new boarders, most of its land classified as arid and semiarid regions, therefore it is very important to investigate the climate change in these areas. This research aimed to investigate the climate change reality in the arid zone in Sudan using rainfall and temperature data only. Five focal points (Kassala, Wadmedni, Eldouim, Elobied, Elfasher) were selected to represent the whole zone. The climate data of monthly and annual rainfall, minimum and maximum air temperature were obtained from Sudan Meteorological Authority (SMA) during the period from 1980 to 2010. Other climatic factors were calculated and estimated from temperature and rainfall data, such as: Potential Evapotranspiration, Cumulative Rainfall Departure, Effective Rainfall, rainfall coefficient of variance, Aridity Index and Standardized Precipitation Index. The relationship between rainfall and temperature were obtained. The period of this study (1981 – 2010), was divided into three decades and analyzed the different between each sub-period on rainfall and temperature using Duncan Multiple Range (DMR) at P ≥ 0.05. The trend of annual mean air temperature had been increased with statistically significant evidences in Kassala, Wadmedni, Eldouim and Elfasher stations; where annual rainfall trend had been increased with statistically significant evidences in Elobied station. Regarding other climatic factors: Potential Evapotranspiration trend showed significant increase in Kassala, Wadmedni and Elfasher stations; Cumulative Rainfall Departure trend showed significant increase in Wadmedni, Elobied and Elfasher stations; where Effective Rainfall, rainfall coefficient of variance, Aridity Index and Standardized Precipitation Index trends showed significant increase in Elobied station only. There were negative significant correlation between rainfall and temperature in Kassala and Elobied stations. There were no significant different between the three sub-period in annual rainfall in all stations except in Elobied station, where in mean air temperature showed significant different between the three sub-period in Kassala, Eldouim and Elfasher.

2

Assessment of climate parameters and their relationship with aerosol optical depth over Katsina city, Nigeria

75%

Anosike C. C.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2025

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tom 59

1-13

EN

Climate variability, characterized by fluctuations in weather patterns over time, significantly influences regional ecosystems and human societies. Tiny particles suspended in the atmosphere, aerosol, play a crucial role in climate variability by interacting with solar radiation and affecting cloud formation and precipitation. This study investigates the relationship between climatic parameters (rainfall and precipitation) and aerosol optical depth and their temporal variability in Katsina City, Katsina Nigeria, from 2002 to 2022. AOD exhibited pronounced seasonal variations, with a high value trend during the dry season. AOD was at its highest peak in 2008 and lowest trend in 2018. For the seasonal variation, AOD was observed least in the month of August during the study. Rainfall patterns displayed distinct seasonal trend, concentrated between April and October, while temperature at the study location during the study period was hot year through. In this study, a significant negative correlation was found between AOD and rainfall, suggesting that increased aerosol loading may inhibit precipitation. This finding aligns with the understanding that aerosols can modify cloud microphysics, potentially leading to less efficient rain formation. However, the relationship between AOD and temperature was found to be weak, indicating that other factors likely exert a stronger influence on temperature variations in the study area. Understanding the complex interplay between aerosols, rainfall, and temperature is crucial for assessing the impacts of climate variability and developing effective adaptation strategies. Further research is needed to investigate the specific mechanisms driving these interactions and to assess the potential impacts of these findings on regional climate and air quality management.

3

The Nexus Between Climatic Variables and Diarrhoea, Tuberculosis (TB), and Typhoid in Selected South-South States, Nigeria

75%

Eyefia A. O.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2024

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tom 57

283-299

EN

Temperature, rainfall, vapour pressure, diurnal temperature range (DTR), relative humidity, and other climatic variables have all been connected to the transmission and spread of diseases like diarrhoea, Tuberculosis (TB), and typhoid. However, the complicated interactions between these climatic variables and illness incidence remain poorly understood. This study examined the interactions between climatic variables, diarrhoea, Tuberculosis (TB), and typhoid in the selected South-South States, Nigeria. To achieve this, annual rainfall, temperature, vapour pressure, and diurnal temperature range (DTR) were employed using the ex-post facto research approach. The data on diseases were extracted from the various states' Ministry of Health for the period 1962 - 2021. The correlation results showed that there was a significant but moderate positive relationship between rainfall and diarrhoea, r [360] = [.345], p = [< .001]. DTR had a weak and negative significant relationship with diarrhoea, [-.266], p = [< .000]. While vapour pressure and temperature had a significant but weak positive relationship with diarrhoea, [.290], [.258], p = [< .000] respectively. The regression results showed that there was a significant but weak negative relationship between rainfall and typhoid, r [300] = [-.292], p = [< .000]. Vapour pressure and DTR had a weak positive significant relationship with typhoid, [.149], [.152], p = [< .000], p = [< .008] respectively. While temperature had a significant but moderate positive relationship with diarrhoea, [.290], [.369], p = [< .000] respectively. To mitigate the effects of diseases, Nigerians are advised to strengthen their safe-drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) systems.

4

Impacts of Rainfall and Temperature on Sorghum (Sorghum biocolor) and Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Yield in Arid Zone of the Sudan 1981-2010

75%

Elbasher O. A. M. , Abdalla A. K. , Abdalla A. E. , Mohammed H. M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2022

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tom 45

37-57

EN

The fundamental goal of this work was to investigate the impact of rainfall and temperature on sorghum and millet yield in the arid zone in Sudan. Therefore the study had pivoted in two axis: climate characteristics and trends and impacts of climate on crops yield. Five focal points (Kassala, Wadmedni, Eldouim, Elobied and Elfasher) were selected to represent the whole zone. The climate data of monthly rainfall, minimum and maximum air temperature were obtained from Sudan Metrological Authority. Other climatic factors were calculated and estimated from temperature and rainfall data. Using rainfall, temperature, potential evapotranspiration, cumulative rainfall departure, effective rainfall, aridity index and standardized precipitation index for the period (1980 – 2010). Generally the trend of annual mean air temperature, annual rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, effective rainfall, cumulative rainfall departure, rainfall coefficient of variance, annual aridity index and standardized precipitation index had been increased during the period from 1980 to 2010 with statistically significant evidences (p≤0.05). Correlations between long-term sorghum yield and climatic factors analysis showed that there were positive significant correlation between sorghum yield and aridity index in Gezira and Elobied. Also, in Elobied negative significant correlation between Sorghum yield and air temperature, potential evapotranspiration. Where in Elfasher there were positive significant correlation between sorghum yield and rainfall, cumulative rainfall departure, effective rainfall, aridity index and standardized precipitation index. Correlations between long-term millet yield and climatic factors showed that in Elobied station there were positive significant correlation between millet yield and rainfall, effective rainfall, aridity index and standardized precipitation index. Where in Elfasher there were negative significant correlation between millet yield and potential evapotranspiration. Using multiple regression model where the climatic factors with sorghum and millet yield; the results showed there were significant regression equation model in three stations (Wadmedni, Elobied and Elfasher) and in two stations (Elobied and Elfasher), respectively.

5

Spatial Variation of Climate in South-Southern Nigeria

75%

Esosuakpo E. E. , Olowe J. F. , Nwambuonwor U. J.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2025

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tom 58

111-129

EN

Climate has never been constant; variations have occurred in different time scales worldwide, within a region, and even within a locality. This indicates that no part of the world has the same climate. Although changes or variations may not happen on a time scale that will make them visible to us, historical studies of the earth's climate have shown that climate variation has been a constant occurrence. This study uses archival data to examine the spatial variation of climate in South-Southern Nigeria. The study adopted the ex post facto research method and employed the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to analyse the data collected. The result of the analysis showed that there is a significant variation in rainfall, [F (5, 2840.251) = 4.788 p < .001], for relative humidity, [F (5, 2707.601) = 3.109 p = .008], and for temperature, [F (5, 2721.219) = 23.850, p < 0.001] in the South-Southern states. This means that although Akwa Ibom State, Bayelsa State, Cross River State, Delta State, Edo State, and Rivers State are within the same region (South-Southern states), there is spatial variation of the climate characteristics among these states. The study also revealed that temperature is statistically more significant than rainfall and relative humidity between and among the South-Southern States. The study is important to policymakers, farmers, urban and rural planners, the general populace, etc., who need the knowledge of climate variability/change to avert the disruption of the natural environment and ensure a balanced social and economic system. Providing a more sustainable and resilient tomorrow can also be significant for future planning.