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1

O PRAVIDLÁCH

100%

Ivan M.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2014

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tom 21

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nr 1

82 – 100

EN

The paper focuses on the concept of implicit rules as discussed in the book by Jaroslav Peregrin Člověk a pravidla (2011). It aims to point out deficiencies of the concept of implicit rules through an analysis of examples of its application, mainly of what it means to follow and interpret an implicit rule. It is argued there is no test to decide whether we follow or interpret implicit rules correctly. Another problematic aspect is that the relation between normative practices and rules is not as straightforward as suggested by Peregrin, but it is much more various.

2

AMENDMENTS TO THE ACT ON RESPONSIBILITY FOR A BREACH OF PUBLIC FINANCE DISCIPLINE (Odpowiedzialnosc za naruszenie dyscypliny finansow publicznych - zmiana ustawy)

100%

Koscinska-Paszkowska A. , Bolek T.

Kontrola Państwowa

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2012

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tom 57

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nr 2(343)

8-29

EN

The notion of public finance discipline refers to obeying the rules while managing public resources. It is mainly defined in the Act on Public Finance. For breaching these rules, strict discipline was set out in the Act on Responsibility for a Breach of Public Finance Discipline of 17 December 2004, amendments to which were passed on 19 August 2011 and introduced significant changes. The amended regulations entered into force on 11 February 2012. The article presents the reasons for the changes introduced to the regulations, as well as some of those changes that can positively influence the effectiveness of asserting responsibility, and the preventive and educational function of the regulations in the field. The article considers solutions that are important from the perspective of audit bodies which are obliged to notify of cases where public finance discipline could have been breached. The authors also describe proposals for potential further changes in these regulations.

3

THE CONCEPT AND APPLICATION OF THE GENERALIZED GAME IN ECONOMIC RESEARCH (Koncepcja i zastosowania uogólnionej gry w badaniach ekonomicznych)

88%

Roszkowska E.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2010

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nr 4 (48)

62-81

EN

In this paper, the concept, properties and possibilities of application of the generalized game to modelling economic phenomena is presented. The generalized game G is the process of interaction between players which have defined roles and role relationships. The game is represented by a complex of rules, where we have four components: MODEL- describing general considerations of the game, VALUE- norms and values recognized by the players, ACT- describing possibilities of the players' action, JUDGMENT - rules describing ways of thinking and decision-making by players. The generalized game allows us to analyze the behavior of the players, paying attention to the economic, social and psychological aspects of their behavior. The article also shows the possibilities of using the tools of the rules and complexes to construct the social optimum, the concept of sustainable development or the negotiation analysis.

4

Světovládci a politikové: setkání Platóna s Hésiodem

88%

Luhanová E.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2011

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tom 134

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nr 1-2

25-51

EN

This paper examines whether it is possible to interpret the philosophical myth from Plato’s Statesman against a background taken from Hesiod’s Theogony. At first, the Hesiodic conception of three generations of gods is reconstructed, and the changes of the world-order related to the transfer of the world-rule from Cronus to Zeus are emphasised. The Cronus’ rule is strictly centralized, absolute and does not tolerate any co-rulers. It means blessed life with all material needs immediately fulfilled for all living beings (here also the exposition of Cronus’ rule from Works and Days is taken into account), but it is unstable and vulnerable on the level of the cosmos as a whole. Zeus wins the battle against his father thanks to his wisdom and prudence. Zeus’ world rule is decentralized and depersonalized, Zeus takes other gods as his partners, entrusts to them their specific areas of concern and therefore abandons the absolute unity of the cosmic power. Plato’s myth is interpreted against this background. The cosmic phase of Cronus’ rule is the phase when the cosmos as a whole is governed by one supreme divine power, but there is no political constitution in the human world – people live without families and cities, without memory and apparently also without philosophy; their way of life is unhuman and evokes the animal life. The opposite cosmic phase characterized by Zeus’ rule constitutes a world with a permanent conflict of many powers, but which is also open to autonomous and fully human activity. It is the phase of the world we live in, the phase when people have to take care of their lives and struggle for good by themselves, but still with the help of particular gods who guarantee the connection between the unified rule of Cronus and the new pluralist world order. The unity of Cronus’ world phase becomes an ideal point toward which the human activity, as well as the happening of the world as a whole, strives to converge toward, and it is but in this very striving the questions of good and consequently also wisdom and philosophy become vital and essential for human life. The political meaning of the Platonic myth is often interpreted only in the light of its first-hand verbal content, and so the Cronus’ phase is in all its bearings interpreted as a transcendental ideal of pure perfection, whereas the Zeus’ phase only negatively as a deficient decline from this ideal. However, the use of the comparative method enables us to show that the Platonic myth is substantively ambiguous, which corresponds with the ambiguity of the questions it refers to: the question of a good statesman and essentially the question of an optimal order of human society.