A comparison between archaeological well documented Roman Army swords of the 1st and otherwise of the 3rd century AD reveals clear differences in their kind of blades as well as in the designs of the hilts and scabbards. The present paper deals with the question, when and in which way the alterations took place during the 2nd century AD. Important clues for a serious scientific evaluation are thereby the archaeological small finds from the period of the Marcomannic Wars (AD 166–180) as well as the presented weapons on the reliefs of Traian’s Column (AD 113) in contrast to that on the Column of Marcus Aurelius (AD 179–183).
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