Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

BARIÉRY V PRÍSTUPE K PITNEJ VODE AKO ASPEKT SOCIÁLNEHO VYLÚČENIA RÓMSKEJ POPULÁCIE

100%

Škobla D. , Filčák R.

Sociológia (Sociology)

|

2014

|

tom 46

|

nr 5

620 – 637

EN

The main objective of this study is to explore and critically apply Bourdieu's concept of the field to identify barriers that hinder access to clean, safe sources of drinking water for the Roma population at a local level. The main barriers identified are power asymmetries and the lack of representation for those who have difficulty in accessing drinking water. The study combines a quantitative, empirical description of the water infrastructure in so-called Roma settlements with a qualitative account of structural inequalities in the local field of power. The authors suggest that equal access to water infrastructure should be assured through Roma-focused affirmative action, and recommend strengthening both universal social policies and central decision-making to neutralize the partisan interests and biased decision-making that are sometimes present at the local level.

2

ZA HRANICOU SOLIDARITY. OBHAJOVANIE PRINCÍPU DÔSTOJNOSTI PRE VŠETKÝCH

75%

Kusá Z.

Sociológia (Sociology)

|

2017

|

tom 49

|

nr 5

507 – 541

EN

The article examines the place universal solidarity and ‘dignity for all’ principles have in common thinking about just society in situation of their long-term marginalisation in political discourse and discourse about living conditions of vulnerable groups in Slovakia. First it scrutinises sociological literature dealing with conditions for expanding and sustaining universal solidarity. Theoretical framework based on the ideas of Durkheim, Joas and Alexander about the role of cultivating emotions and cultural articulation of suffering in expansion of solidarity is used to identify the gaps in discursive resources that are necessary for advocating right to dignity for groups that tend to be morally excluded. Then it analyses the transcripts of 8 focus groups, the scenario of which replicates the EVS 2017 items testing universalistic solidarity as warranting basic living conditions for all and concern about living conditions of diverse social groups. The findings support the expectation that the missing discursive backing will threaten the advocacy of solidarity for vulnerable groups such as Roma and long-term unemployed. Advocates of universal solidarity were marginalised and universal solidarity rather pugnaciously refused for being in clash with meritocratic and reciprocity principles. A very existence of welfare system that supposedly privileges Roma to the detriment of underprivileged “white” majority was seen as distortion of principle of equality.

3

Uvíznutí v marginalitě: vzdělávací trh, „romské školy“ a reprodukce sociálně prostorových nerovností

75%

Nekorjak M. , Souralová A. , Vomastková K.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

|

2011

|

tom 47

|

nr 4

657-681

EN

Roma urban enclaves can be characterised as social peripheries or so-called excluded localities in which poverty and unemployment are concentrated. The separation of the Roma from the majority occurs both in the social space and in the educational system through the existence of sub-standard, low-demanding basic schools, where the majority of students are Roma. Both spatial and educational exclusion have become the subject of public debate, policies, and, in the case of schools, of international legal disputes. In the article the authors ask what mechanisms lie behind the existence/functioning of ‘Roma schools’ in the vicinity of deprived urban enclaves with Roma populations. To answer this question they introduce the concept of ethnically segmented local education markets, which emerged in large cities after 1989. These markets interconnect deprived Roma localities with ‘Roma schools’ and are a part of the wider problem of the low social mobility of segregated urban Roma. The authors show that the ethnically segmented education market is shaped by three factors: (a) the spatial structure, (b) the institutional framework, including law and policy as well as schools, and (c) the educational strategies of both Roma and non-Roma parents. The data the authors used in the analysis came from the Czech part of an international quantitative and qualitative study in which more than 920 questionnaires were completed by students and teachers and 80 interviews were conducted with students, parents and teachers in two large Czech cities. For a better understanding of the authors’ basic argument they chose just one segmented local market as an illustrative example.

4

VEDIE NÁBOŽENSKÁ ZMENA K INKLÚZII RÓMOV?

75%

Podolinská T. , Hrustič T.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

|

2011

|

tom 59

|

nr 4

413 – 431

EN

In 2010 the Institute of Ethnology of the Slovak Academy of Science achieved the research project to measure the influence of religious missions toward the social inclusion of Roma in Slovakia- the SIRONA Project (Social Inclusion of the Roma by the Religious Pathway). In the beginning we think about methodological approaches of studying subjective perceptions of social change. Later we try to identify the mechanisms influencing the effectiveness/ the ineffectiveness of social change, among others mostly the importance of pastoral discourse and its potential to be pro-exclusive, or pro-inclusive. At the same time we tried to explain this phenomenon from the perspective of social theories of social capital, social networks and social bonds. We come up with the conclusion that religious change has very strong potential to bring about social change which apparently can lead also to social inclusion.

5

FAKTORY OVPLYVŇUJÚCE NÁBOŽENSKÉ KONVERZIE RÓMOV NA PRÍKLADE KONVERZIÍ K SVEDKOM JEHOVOVÝM A CHARIZMATICKÝM HNUTIAM VO VÝCHODNOM ZEMPLÍNE

75%

Hrustič T.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

|

2010

|

tom 58

|

nr 3

306 - 322

EN

This paper analyses the religious conversion of Roma in a region of eastern Slovakia of mixed ethnic and religious composition, focusing on the most important factors which influence this phenomenon. The conclusions also take account of the heterogeneity of Roma in the locality under examination, since the Romani communities there have different social levels, living conditions and degrees of contact with the majority. Religious conversion is a complicated process, with a number of determinants playing their parts. For the purposes of the paper’s interpretative framework, it seems most advantageous to use the stage model of religious conversion; family and social bonds are equally important, and also the personality of the missionary. The disposition of Roma towards religious conversion is strikingly influenced by the factors of social control and the firm social structure in the community. Analysis of the conversion narratives has shown that an individual crisis in various life situations, together with personal and social factors, functions as the starting mechanism of religious conversion. The fact, that in several localities Roma have a tendency to convert in larger numbers may be caused by the fact that social exclusion can evoke more individual crisis situations, which in certain circumstances (presence of a religious mission, weakened social structure of the community etc.) can result in larger waves of religious conversions.

6

(NE)BEZPEČNÍ ROMOVÉ? ANALÝZA VÝZNAMU BEZPEČNOSTI VE VZTAHU K ROMŮM VE VLÁDNÍCH DOKUMENTECH ČESKÉ A SLOVENSKÉ REPUBLIKY

75%

Walach V.

Sociológia (Sociology)

|

2016

|

tom 48

|

nr 2

172 – 191

EN

The present paper engages with the semantic relationship between security and Roma in the context of Central European liberal democracies. On the basis of comparative analysis of Czech and Slovak strategic documents, it is pointed out that an ambivalent construction of the (in)security of Roma occurs. The Roma are seen both as threatened and threatening. Whether it is done directly or via the production of specific categories such as the "socially inadaptable", this presents a challenge for liberal governance. In conclusion, this illiberal tendency is identified with the phenomenon of "reasonable anti-Gypsyism", and policy suggestions are drawn up.

7

Časoprostorové a infrastrukturní aspekty procesu sociální exkluze

75%

Růžička M.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

|

2011

|

tom 47

|

nr 2

273-296

EN

Researchers who have studied the living conditions of Roma (Gypsy) communities since the collapse of state socialism in Eastern Europe tend to emphasise two dimensions of the growing degree of social exclusion of the Roma: the economic dimension (the decline in socio-economic status) and the spatial dimension (the growing levels of residential segregation). This article aims to study how spatial exclusion and involuntary residential segregation ‘function’, that is, how they operate on the social micro level as a ‘generator’ of social and economic disadvantage. Certain types of objective obstacles arise in the living environment of excluded people and they continuously have to overcome these obstacles on an everyday basis. The author analyses how spatial exclusion acts on the excluded by requiring relatively high expenditures of money and time for them to overcome exclusion. He then examines the infrastructural dimensions of spatial exclusion, describing infrastructural exclusion as a dimension of disadvantage in which the excluded have limited access to infrastructures and through them resources otherwise commonly accessible in the dominant socio-economic system. Access to these infrastructures and resources can be regarded as an indicator of social integration and as an essential precondition for equal and meaningful social and economic participation in the life of the dominant socio-economic system. In conclusion, the author discusses the conflicting or almost contradictory relationship between the generation of spatial and infrastructural exclusion on the one hand and social integration projects on the other.

8

ROMOVÉ, ČESKOSLOVENSKO A TRANSNACIONALISMUS

63%

Budilová L. J. , Jakoubek M.

Sociológia (Sociology)

|

2014

|

tom 46

|

nr 5

487 – 503

EN

The fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe and the emergence of two independent states – the Czech and Slovak Republics – brought wide-ranging changes in how inhabitants' identity is perceived in these states. The division of Czechoslovakia established new borders, which, nevertheless, did not have any strong effects, either on migratory movements between the newly founded states, or on the perception of group identity for some of the Roma/Gypsy groups in these countries. The EU integration process in recent years has brought about new opportunities – movements of people, job opportunities and more intensive labour migrations. We discuss the problem of identity of aparticular Roma/Gypsy group and the effect that recent social and political changes have had on their perception of who they are. The core of our investigation concerns questions of identity (local identity, kinship identity, state identity, European identity or a trans-national Roma identity?). We will discuss interrelationships between various strata of identities and the extent to which these relationships are influenced by the contemporary processes of EU integration.

9

POSTAVY RÓMOV V SLOVENSKÝCH A RÓMSKYCH ROZPRÁVANIACH

63%

Kiliánová G.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

|

2010

|

tom 58

|

nr 3

290 - 305

EN

The paper sets out to compare accounts from the oral prose repertoire in Slovakia, which were recorded in the Slovak and Romani languages and where Roma are featured. For the purposes of the study the author choses texts from various sources (= recorded oral narratives); the criterion for choosing was whether there was mentioned in the texts of characters designated as (male/female) Gypsy or Roma. First of all, she traced how the characters of Gypsy man/woman or Roma man/woman are depicted and characterised. Further to this, she explored in more detail the question of which genres of oral prose the narratives featuring Roma characters belong to. In conclusion, the author assessed to what extent we can trace a definite idea of Roma in the narrations, hence what narrative hetero-image (idea of the Roma in Slovak narrations) and self-image (idea of Roma in narrations by Roma) is featured.

10

POLITIKY ZAMERANÉ NA CIGÁNOV/RÓMOV V STREDNEJ, JUHOVÝCHODNEJ A VÝCHODNEJ EURÓPE V OBDOBÍ KOMUNISTICKEJ VLÁDY

63%

Marushiaková E. , Popov V.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

|

2010

|

tom 58

|

nr 3

269 - 289

EN

There was a period of radical changes in the countries of Central, South-eastern and Eastern Europe at the end of World War II and subsequent years. In Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Albania, thanks to the active support of Soviet Union, the local communist parties came to power and secured complete control in all spheres of public life. Social and economic changes were carried out in all areas of life; these affected the entire population and only a relatively small part were focused on Gypsies exclusively, who were a specific target of active government policy in individual countries during the different periods. Despite the fact that a common ideology united the ‘socialist camp’, the policies focused on Gypsies were not identical. Differences appeared, based on models from the past and on the specific national strategies of the individual states. The present article is an attempt to offer a new view, freed from superimposed ideology, of state policies focused on Gypsies in the countries of Central, South-eastern and Eastern Europe during the period of communist rule. Particular attention is given to the policies in the areas of sedentarisation, residence, development and retention of ethnic culture, and opportunities for organisational life. In conclusion, the study presents a provisional evaluation of the politics of the so-called socialist states from the aspect of the successful integration of Gypsies into society.

11

‘HOW DO YOU SAY “STOP THAT!” IN SLOVAKIAN?’: A8 IMMIGRATION AND SCOTLAND’S RACE AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY NARRATIVE

63%

Kailemia M.

Sociológia (Sociology)

|

2016

|

tom 48

|

nr 3

247 – 266

EN

In 2004 8 Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia) joined the EU in an expansion popularly known as the Accession, or A8. As part of this arrangement the Slovakian Roma community settled in Govanhill, a neighbourhood in the South-Side of Glasgow, Scotland. Immediately, there was widespread outcry, followed by public debate, on the numbers involved and the impact on local services. One of the claims made was that, because of a ‘unique’ history of ‘self-isolation’, the Roma had altered local policing needs. There were widespread media anecdotes of anti-social behaviour but also racist victimization. Using material available post-A8 Govanhill, this synthesizes the debate on Roma settlement against the wider canvass of Scottish reception and assimilation of immigrants. The author claims that post-A8 phobia of the Roma is part of an unsustainable ideology of Scotland as a post-racial ‘welcoming country’ which has occluded a nuanced interrogation of the capacity of the country to welcome and successfully integrate immigrants.

12

Pamięć i tożsamość. Przemiany współczesnych tożsamo-ści Romów w kontekście doświadczenia zagłady

63%

Kapralski S.

Studia Socjologiczne

|

2011

|

nr 3(202)

29-54

PL

Autor dzieli istniejące stanowiska w kwestii natury tożsamości Romów na substancjalne, relacyjne i procesualne. Według pierwszego z nich Romowie to lud posiadający określoną „istotę” kulturową, która określa ich tożsamość. Według drugiego, romskie tożsamości bu- dowane są w relacji do innych – głównie do nieromskiego świata. Podejście trzecie kładzie nacisk na tożsamość jako proces budowania więzi pomiędzy przeszłością, teraźniejszością i antycypowaną przyszłością grupy. Autor twierdzi, że każde z tych stanowisk przedstawia jakiś istotny aspekt romskiej tożsamości, stąd też pełny jej opis wymaga uwzględnienia tych trzech podejść. Następnie na podstawie analizy literatury i wywiadów przeprowadzonych z działaczami romskimi średniego szczebla autor dowodzi, że pamięć romskiej zagłady w czasie II wojny światowej osłabiła substancjalny aspekt romskich tożsamości, doprowadziła do sprzecznych procesów w ramach tożsamości relacyjnej (asymilacja i izolacjonizm), a przede wszystkim przyczyniła się do rozwoju procesualnego jej pojmowania, wspieranego przez romskie organizacje polityczne i ich ambicje uzyskania dla Romów statusu specyficznego narodu.

EN

The author divides the existing standpoints regarding Romani identities into substantive, relational and those referring to historical process. According to the first standpoint Roma are a people who possess a particular cultural essence which defines its identity. According to the second approach, Romani identities are constructed in relation to the other - in particular to the non-Romani world. The third perspective emphasizes identity as a process of building the links between the past, the present and the anticipated future of a group. According to the author, each of these approaches presents an important aspect of Romani identity, a full depiction of which thus requires taking into account all the three perspectives. Based on the interviews conducted with mid-rank Romani activists, the author argues that the memory of the Romani suffering during WWII has weakened the substantive aspect of Romani identities, lead to the contradictory processes in the frame of relational identity (assimilation and isolationism), but, most of all, it contributed to the development of the historical approach to Romani identity, supported by the Romani political organizations and their ambitions for the Roma to achieve a status of a nation in its own right.

13

Nowe markery w raku jajnika

51%

Markowska A. , Jaszczyńska-Nowinka K.

Current Gynecologic Oncology

|

2012

|

tom 10

|

nr 2

116-123

EN

Neoplastic markers represent high molecular weight substances produced both by neoplastic and healthy cells in response to a developing tumor. A marker may also involve any assayable substance in tumor tissue which manifests immunoreactivity distinct from that in normal tissues. Neoplastic markers serve in the detection of the disease, monitoring of treatment efficacy and in the detection of a relapse. In the case of ovarian cancer, the most recognizable marker involves CA-125, an elevated level of which is detected in around 80% serous carcinomas andwhich increases as the disease progresses. Early stages of ovarian carcinomas are detected by estimation of HE4 (human epididymis protein). The Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI algorithm) is based on the estimation of the CA-125 level, transvaginal ultrasound examination and condition of menopause. Other algorithms used in ovarian carcinoma include OVA-1, based also on CA-125 level, menopausal status and on four proteomic markers, and ROMA (Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm), based on CA-125 and HE4. Other markers of less pronounced importance for ovarian carcinoma include: • CA-19-9 (antigen of gastrointestinal carcinoma) – of particular use in carcinomas of gastrointestinal tract, including pancreatic carcinoma but also mucous ovarian carcinoma; • CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) – a marker of alimentary tract carcinomas, including colorectal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma but also mucous ovarian carcinoma; • CA-15-3 (MUC1) – the recognized marker of breast carcinoma, the concentration of which increases in advanced stages of ovarian carcinoma; • YKL-40 (glycoprotein of human cartilage) – allowing detection of early stages of ovarian carcinoma and its relapses; • kisspeptin (KiSS-1) – associated with the inhibition of metastases in clarocellular ovarian carcinoma; • HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α) – similarly to clusterin, linked to resistance to chemotherapy; • E-cadherin, SDF-1 and metadherin linked to the development of metastases; • enzymatic markers COX-1 and in particular COX-2 correlate with the progress of the disease while an increased COX-2 level indicates resistance to chemotherapy.

PL

Markery nowotworowe są wielkocząsteczkowymi substancjami wytwarzanymi w odpowiedzi na rozwijający się nowotwór zarówno przez komórki nowotworowe, jak i komórki zdrowe. Markerem może być także substancja oznaczona w tkance guza, która wykazuje inną immunoreaktywność niż w tkankach zdrowych. Markery nowotworowe służą do wykrycia choroby, monitorowania skuteczności leczenia, a także wykrycia wznowy. Najbardziej uznanym markerem dla raka jajnika jest CA-125, którego podwyższone stężenie występuje w około 80% raków surowiczych i wzrasta wraz z zaawansowaniem choroby. Do wykrycia wczesnych stadiów raka jajnika stosuje się HE4 (human epididymis protein). Na wartości stężenia CA-125, badaniu przezpochwowym i stanie menopauzalnym oparty jest algorytm RMI (Risk of Malignancy Index). Innymi algorytmami stosowanymi w raku jajnika są OVA-1 (oparty również na wartości CA-125, stanie menopauzalnym i czterech markerach proteomicznych) oraz ROMA (Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm), włączający do badania wartość CA-125 i HE4. Markerami mającymi mniejsze znaczenie w raku jajnika są: • CA-19-9 (gastrointestinal cancer antigen) – stosowany w rakach przewodu pokarmowego (w tym raku trzustki), ale również w raku śluzowym jajnika; • CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) – marker dla raków przewodu pokarmowego, w tym raka jelita grubego i żołądka, ale też raka śluzowego jajnika; • CA-15-3 (MUC1) – uznany marker dla raka piersi, którego stężenie wzrasta w zaawansowanych stadiach raka jajnika; • YKL-40 (ludzka chrząstkowa glikoproteina) – wykrywająca wczesne stadia raka jajnika i jego wznowy; • kisspeptyna (KiSS-1) – związana z hamowaniem przerzutowania w jasnokomórkowym raku jajnika; • HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α) – związany z opornością na leczenie chemiczne, podobnie jak klusteryna; • E-kadheryna, SDF-1 (stromal-derived factor-1) i metadheryna – związane są z przerzutowaniem; • markery enzymatyczne COX-1 i COX-2 – korelują z progresją choroby, a wzrost stężenia COX-2 świadczy o oporności na chemioterapię.