Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

ETHNIC SUCCESSION IN A ROMAN CATHOLIC PARISH IN AN AMERICAN TOWN

100%

Mucha J.

Etnografia Polska

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2004

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tom 48

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nr 1-2

161-175

EN

The aim of this article is to analyze a specific case of 'ethnic succession'. This topic emerged in the social sciences in the early 1900s, within the first Chicago school (the Robert Park school). Since that time, many models of succession (drawing upon biological ecology) have been presented. In this paper, a succession in one specific field and one specific place is analyzed: an unfinished process of takeover of a Roman Catholic parish by the rapidly growing Hispanic population from the shrinking Polish American population in the West Side of South Bend in northern Indiana. This process meant also the cultural elimination of the Hungarian Americans from the 'independent' religious life in the town's quarter. In the multicultural contexts, religion is often closely related to ethnicity, and in the well-known theory authored by Milton Gordon, religion is one of three possible bases of ethnicity in American society. In the case discussed here, the two ethnic groups, Hispanics and Polish Americans, belong to the same religious denomination. Moreover, historically speaking, Roman Catholicism has been a very significant element of their ethnic identities. From the recent cultural point of view, however, these are two quite different types of Catholicism. Ethnic succession discussed in this text has important consequences for the cultural features of Catholicism in the whole town. In the article, the local Polish American community and the Hispanic community is briefly presented, and then the 'succession' problems discussed. To the extent it makes sense (and the empirical material is available), the elements of the 'process of passage' and the 'ceremony of passage', important for socio-cultural anthropology, are presented as well.

2

COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION BY RELIGION ON STATE ESTATES IN 1802

100%

Velkova A.

Historická demografie (Historical Demography)

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2005

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tom 29

109-137

EN

This study examines the religious composition of the population on so-called state estates, which included estates administered by an official body, but also by the Religious, Study and Endowment Fund, or Charles-Ferdinand University. The research is based on a survey event that took place on the estates in 1802. Analyses revealed that a majority Catholic population lived on the estate. This was particularly typical of western Bohemia. Conversely, the Protestant tradition was confirmed in the eastern Bohemian estates, especially Podebrady and Pardubice, and also the estates of Vetrny Jenikov and Stredokluky. While on the estates of Pardubice and Vetrny Jenikov Protestants were concentrated in particular areas, in Podebrady the co-existence of Catholics and Helvetians was quite common. With regard to the Jewish population, unlike the Protestants there were Jews living in most of the state estates, but the proportion of the population they represented was much lower, around less than 1%, and it was more a matter of individual families.

3

ABOUT THE DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS

80%

Libiszowska-Zoltkowska M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2007

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tom 51

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nr 2

199-217

EN

The term 'new religious movement' was popularised by sociologists in the 1970s to describe the religious groups then arising - commonly known as sects. The 'newness' refers to the genesis of the phenomenon, the organisational structure and the doctrine. This was used to describe religious and social movements which appeared in the Third World during the last century and charismatic, neo-mystical millennium movement which have been created since the 1960s in the United States and have been arriving in Europe. In the main these have been movement of a syncretic nature. They are literally newly-formed religious communities. In the bureaucratised social structure this takes place ex officio, in accordance with the legislation prevailing in the given country. The founders are usually charismatic - sometimes unearthly - or exceptional characteristic in which their followers believe and which belief they pass on to others. The new religious movements are the result of the acquiescence to pluralism of outlook and the freedom to choose one's religion.

4

RELIGION AND SLOVAK NATIONAL IDENTITY (Religia a slowacka tozsamosc narodowa)

80%

Zenderowski R.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2010

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nr 1(334)

163-185

EN

The article seeks to answer the question of the role and significance of religion in constructing contemporary Slovak national identity. In his attempted answer, the author describes the relations between religion and the nation, and religion and nationalism in Central-Eastern Europe. He then reflects on the issue of the place of Christianity within the public sphere as an object of political debate in Slovakia after 1989. The answer to the problem is sought by analyzing both the public discourse in Slovakia after 1989 and by referring to the symbolic sphere (the symbolism of currency, national feasts and public places).

5

Smrt, umírání a pohřební rituály v české společnosti ve 20. století

80%

Nesporova O.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2007

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tom 14

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nr 2-3

354-378

EN

In this article the authoress considers the topic of death, dying and funeral rites in Czech society in the broader European and historical context. In the first part, she presents the social-science conception of the taboo on death in early twentieth-century European society and then the gradual lifting of that taboo owing mainly to an interest in dying, which appeared from about the 1960s. She also outlines developments in funeral rites, typical of which is the transition from the traditionally Christian (particularly Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox) laying of the dead body into the ground to cremation and the scattering of ashes. Against the background of these developments in Western society she then considers the situation in Czech society, which, owing to forty years of Communist rule and the high degree of secularization, was rather different from Western Europe. Indeed, questions related to dying and hospice care were generally not dealt with by Czechs till the 1990s. The great mistrust of churches has led to less than half of all present-day funeral ceremonies including a religious component. Moreover, Czech society has lost the awareness that organizing a funeral ceremony is a necessity for both the deceased and the bereaved. Consequently, about a third of all cremations in this country take place without any real ceremony.

6

„PRVNÍCH DESET LET JSEM SI S PERSONÁLEM NETYKAL.“ POZICE KAPLANA V ČESKÉ VĚZNICI

80%

Beláňová A. , Trejbalová T.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2020

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tom 52

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nr 1

5 – 23

EN

The chaplain, with a religious background practicing pastoral care, plays a role that conflicts with the norms of the secular institution that formally employs him. In this regard, prison is a highly challenging workplace. Drawing on qualitative data, we examine the position and identity of the prison chaplain in the Czech prison system. We argue that the main source of tension within the workplace is the chaplain’s profound interest in a prisoner’s personal life. This tendency is in a clear contrast with the intentions of the punitive prison system. Examples the potential of chaplain’s role are also discussed.

7

Vybrané rysy spirituality české katolické církve (1948-1989)

80%

Hanus J.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2007

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tom 14

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nr 2-3

341-353

EN

In this article the author seeks to explain some fundamental features of Roman Catholic spirituality in the Bohemian Lands after the Second World War. He demonstrates that this phenomenon was in essence both determined by the 'Roman Catholic Renaissance' of the 1930s and by new tendencies, particularly after the Communist takeover of February 1948. Among these tendencies was its enforced closed nature, fear of persecution, traditionalism, and conservatism, which were mainly the result of the limitations on being in touch with people abroad. On the whole, however, the author believes that Czech Roman Catholicism from the Communist takeover to the collapse of the regime in late 1989, despite all its problems, contributed to Czech culture, and he demonstrates this also in the reception of the Second Vatican Council in Bohemia and Moravia. The spirituality of women, both of nuns and of secular intellectuals, receives special praise in the article.

8

THE RESTLESS LIBERALISM OF ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE

80%

Tlolka J.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2017

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tom 72

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nr 9

736 – 747

EN

This essay attempts to contextualise the purported novelty of Alexis de Tocqueville’s particular brand of liberalism. It regards the author not as an heir or precursor to any given political tradition, but rather as a compelled syncretist whose primary philosophical concern was the moral significance of the democratic age. It suggests that Tocqueville devised his ‘new political science’ with a keen view to the existential implications of modernity. In order to support that suggestion, the essay explores the genealogy of Tocqueville’s moral and political thought and draws a relation between his analysis of democracy and his personal experience of modernity.

9

Věřící singles ve světle měnících se forem praktikování víry a individualizace ve sféře náboženství

80%

Bartosova M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2006

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tom 7

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nr 1

15-19

EN

The study, while applying the qualitative method, is focused on financially self-sufficient young people (25-33), who live alone and belong to the Catholic Church. Through qualitative interviews and their following analysis the group of religious singles is specified. This category appears to be interesting for its internal incongruity, which results from the tendency of these people not to seclude from the Christian ideal in the area of intimacy and family and, at the same time, from the need of independence and development of themselves. While in the mainstream part of society alternative partner relationships come extensively into play which enables young singles to substitute traditional relationships directed towards a long-term engagement, religious singles solve their loneliness among other things by attaching themselves to faith and religion. The research has shown the importance of religion as a 'symbolic universe', which is capable of explaining everyday experience of believers and assisting them in dealing with complicated life situations including singlehood.

10

VÝVOJ A DOKTRÍNA KONFESIJNEJ NEUTRALITY ŠTÁTU

80%

Gregor M.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2019

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tom 102

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nr 6

483 – 491

EN

In the Article 1(1) the Slovak Constitution declares that „the Slovak Republic shall not be bound to any ideology or religion“. Presented article seeks to examine the relationship concerned of independence of state from any particular religion that is referred to as a principle of confessional state neutrality in legal sciences. The article covers its historical as well as theoretical interactions, and it pays particular attention to role of confessional state neutrality in judicature of the European Court of Human Rights.

11

THEORY OF RELIGIOUS CYCLES AND ITS APPLICATION TO INTERRELIGIOUS DIALOGUE AND TRANS-RELIGIOUS THEOLOGY

80%

Sergeev M.

Annales Scientia Politica

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2020

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tom 9

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nr 1

7 – 17

EN

The application of my theory of religious cycles to the development of inter-religious and trans-religious thinking is twofold. First, it goes beyond the uni religious approach and claims to religious exclusivity, by viewing different spiritual traditions as essentially one, by focusing on the common evolution of religions and arguing for the identical pattern of this evolution. Second, by distinguishing between the structural and systemic crises of religion, my theory offers a sound theoretical justification as to why people are irresistibly drawn into interreligious and trans-religious ideas and attitudes. Our time is characterized by the total crisis of religious consciousness and, therefore, bears witness to different versions of syncretism and eclecticism out of which new religious movements are developed and established.

12

A CLOSE OR DISTANT GOD - BETWEEN RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

80%

Mech K.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2007

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tom 35

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nr 1

61-75

EN

The purpose of this article is to show possible relationships between the God who is given to man in religious experience and the so-called God of philosophers. The starting point of author's analyses is the belief that, first of all, God is given to man in his intimate space of religious experience. The second premise of his considerations is the belief that God goes beyond this experience and is given as an 'evasive presence'. God is something more than what is just given in religious experience. In this way of thinking something more is opened; it is also the way of philosophy, it is the way towards the Other. This make it possible to ask another question - how is it possible for the philosophy of the Other not to become a philosophy of the Alien. The article tries to give an answer to this question.

13

Protestantské obce v Srbsku do roku 1953

80%

Benes S.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2008

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tom 94

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nr 1

61-80

EN

The essay Protestant Communities in Serbia until 1953 concentrates mainly on Protestant communities on the territory of the future Republic of Serbia from its genesis in the 16th century up to 1953, when the Yugoslav government passed a law on religious communities. The article starts with a depiction of the 16th century Slovenian reformation, when it was for the first time spread over the South Slav region. Despite successful re-Catholicization of the territory, the reformation went ahead towards fundamental features of Protestant churches in South Slav countries, which was (and still is), made up predominantly by non-South Slav ethnics of local Protestants. An overwhelming majority of reformist ideas was thus formed by immigrants of German, Hungarian and Slovak nationalities. The essay briefly explains the characteristics of individual churches on the territory and analyses their operation in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and the Yugoslavian Kingdom. It also informs on the relationship of individual churches with the Josip Broz Tito's post-war communist regime.

14

An Old Story of New Jerusalem

80%

Chmielewska J.

Konteksty - Polska Sztuka Ludowa

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2007

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tom 61

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nr 1(276)

171-182

EN

An attempted reconstruction of the history of the Murashkovtsy Christian Holy Zionists - a religious community established in the 1930s in present-day Western Belarus and Ukraine. The chief protagonists are the prophets Ivan Murashko and Olga Kirylchuk-Korneichuk who, according to the Zionists, embodied the Second Coming of Christ. By basing herself on on-the-spot interviews the authoress tried to bring the reader closer to hagiographic narrations about the miracles and sanctity of the Father and Mother of Zion, as the founders of the movement were known, and the history of New Jerusalem - a holy city built in 1936-39 in Volhynia as a realisation of the idea of the Kingdom of God on Earth. We learn about prophets, apostles, holy blood and New Zion as well as about rejection and strong social stigmatisation. The post-war history of the group is branded with persecution, arrests and imposed wanderings from Volhynia across the Caucasus to Central Asia and finally to the environs of Odessa where more than 350 members of the congregation continue to reside. From the very onset the Zionists, engaged in implementing their utopia, remained on the margin of social and religious life. Ridiculed by some and openly branded by others, they sought refuge in isolation, fled the outside world, and closed themselves in enclaves governed by rules formulated by the prophets. The presented text is an attempt at bringing the reader close to the alternative created by the Murashko adherents in their New Jerusalem.

15

KÁZEŇ V PRIESTORE NÁBOŽENSKEJ KOMUNIKAČNEJ SFÉRY

80%

Findra J.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2006

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tom 71

|

nr 3

129 – 135

EN

The author analyses content and formal structures of a sermon as an individual genre. He reasons that texts of religious communication sphere are not united on a base of a special religious style, but they are related to the several functional language styles.

16

Jedno czy wiele doświadczeń religijnych w poglądach Williama Jamesa?

80%

Czernik T.

Lectiones & Acroases Philosophicae

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2011

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tom 4

|

nr 2

138-149

EN

The main topic of this article is the problem of religious experience discussed in the works of William James. The basic question the author poses concerning this experience is whether there is one or many types of such experiences. James accepts their multiplicity but at the same time he recognizes only one as the right one. The multiplicity of experiences is connected with the institutionalization of religion, of which James is opposed to . He does not reject religion itself (which comes from human expectations) as a form of manifestation of religious experience. The field/realm of religion is associated with emotions and their ability to influence the will. The hypothesis of God strengthens motivation of the individual. James proposes a pragmatic approach to religion, rejecting its rationality in favor of utility. Religion is a function of will and feelings; excessive intellectualism kills its attractiveness. However, James's concept of religion includes a type of simplification since it is characterized by excessive reductionism in the description of the human condition.

17

K PROBLEMATIKE VÝUČBY NÁBOŽENSTVA V ČESKOSLOVENSKU PO ROKU 1918

80%

Kičková A.

Konštantínove listy

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2018

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tom 11

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nr 2

190 - 198

EN

Religious education as a compulsory subject played an important role in the educational process. The foundations of faith acquired by children in the family milieu were followed up by religious education at school. After 1918, both the system of education and the subject of religious education itself changed. The text outlines the form of changes in the teaching of religion after the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 in the contemporary context. It focuses on selected legislative changes, as well as on the reactions in the press in that period.

18

O możliwym znaczeniu nihilizmu dla religii

80%

Torzewski W.

Filo-Sofija

|

2004

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tom 4

|

nr 4

117-128

EN

In the article the author provides a positive answer to the question, whether for a religious believer awareness of nihilism can be a source of positive insights in the nature of religious faith. Nihilism in this context is understood not as a simple denial of the existence of the Transcendent, but as a all-encompassing cultural experience grounded in the activity of reflection. Analysis of the phenomenon of nihilism and its specific “logic” leads to description of the condition of a religious consciousness which is shaped by the recognition of positive aspects of the experience of nihilism. The search for positive meaning of nihilism is set against the background of the debate about the relationship between “faith” and “reason”. What is under consideration, however, is not the question whether in the context of nihilism some sort of faith is still possible, but whether a believer’s epistemic situation is affected by his awareness of nihilism.

19

„Různé zlé věci jsou stimulací pro dobré věci, pro hrdinství” – przypadek Oto Mádra (1948–1968)

80%

Brodniewicz J.

Bohemistyka

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2016

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tom 16

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nr 3

271 - 296

EN

The article presents the profile of Oto Mádr (1917–2011) in his struggle with the Communists on the basis of memories and documents. Oto Mádra is shown against the background of the events from vítězný únor to pražské jaro (1948–1968) in Czechoslovakia. He is a Czech priest and theologian, ordained in 1942, having remarkable achievements in the fight against the communist regime and for independence. In 1952 sentenced to life imprisonment for pastoral work among students, he was released in 1966. He resumed his opposition activities, becoming one of the most important figures of twentieth-century Czech Catholic Church.

20

Człowiek - natura- transcendecja. Zarys hyperologii

80%

Mech K.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

|

2013

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tom 41

|

nr 3

109-137

EN

This article concerns the conditions of possibility of thinking about religious transcendence. The premise of these considerations is that the possibility of thinking about transcendence is determined by our understanding of nature. Transcendence can be considered only in relation to what it transcends. The relationship between transcendence and nature means that the possibility of thinking about religious transcendence is closely related to the way of conceiving nature. Different ways of understanding nature determine different ways of understanding transcendence. Nature can be conceived in a way which makes transcendence impossible. The reflection on nature and transcendence in their mutual relations directs us toward a different interpretation of nature that emerged in the history of European thought about φύσις. In the article the contemporary naturalistic interpretation of nature is compared with the theistic interpretation and the Greek understanding of nature.