Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Verismus románu Terézy Novákové Děti čistého živého jako ženská realizace žánru vesnického románu období realismu

100%

Filipowicz M.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

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2005

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tom 53

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nr 6

839-851

EN

This essay attempts to distinguish between the female and male way of writing the village novel, chiefly at the level of 'description' or the 'imitation of life and institutions' (costume, food, architecture, home furnishings). The author develops the idea of the 'female perspective', which, he argues, consists in special attention to the ordinary, the mundane, and the practical sides of village life.

2

MODERN NOVELLAS BY MILO URBAN

100%

Zilkova A.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2005

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tom 52

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nr 6

394-408

EN

Similarly as many Slovak prose writers of the previous generation, in his collection of novellas 'Vykriky bez ozveny' (Cries without Echo) (1928), Milo Urban drew inspiration from rural environment. But Urban also introduced a modern universal topic in his novellas. It is certain distress, narrow-mindedness of village life. The main characters of Urban's stories, the village outsiders, experience it most intensively. They are lonely people who estranged their surroundings. The distress, melancholy that they feel indicates how reserved, shut off village can be. The author of the study interpretes two early novellas by Milo Urban - 'Jasek Kutliak spod Bucinky' (1922) and 'Rozprávka o Labudovi' (The Fairy-tale on Labuda). Due to the way of narration and ambiguity they present modern proses. The features of a fairy-tale, a ballad and a myth indicate a more complicated structure of narration. The novella 'Jasek Kutliak spod Bucinky' is about disintegration of a love relationship - after her wedding with the hunter Jasek, the young girl Hanka changes completely. The narration oscillates between the depiction of Hanka's wichedness and a story of/with modern topic of desillusion from lost love. In 'Rozprávka o Labudovi' (The Fairy-tale on Labuda) there are two possible ways of how to read the text. The first one is a story about a foolish peasant, the second is a more universal story about Labuda that becomes an allegory of human fate. The explanation of the novella becomes more complicated when its figurative language, metaphors as well as the topic of isolation are taken into account.

3

ENVIRONMENT AND ITS ONTOLOGICAL STATUS

100%

Italia S.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2016

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tom 23

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nr 4

488 – 502

EN

Is reality a ‘Ready-Made World’ or an entity constructed by individuals and social activity? The concept of the environment seems to be the boundary that clearly shows how we can simultaneously adhere to our apparently contradictory intuitions— that is, those about the external and autonomous features of reality independent of human intervention, and those about its undeniably constructed character. The environment, then, seems to be a concept that shows how non-epistemic and epistemic notions of reality (i.e. respectively seeing reality as independent from and dependent on us) can be understood cohesively.

4

MYTH AS A CODE OF NATIONAL ASPECT (of Jozef Gregor Tajovsky: 'Nas Jezisko')

100%

Mikulova M.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2005

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tom 52

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nr 1

25-33

EN

The short story 'Nas Jezisko' (Our Baby Jesus) belongs to the Tajovsky's thematic cycle focused on ethnology and collecting of folk artefacts. The short story 'Nas Jezisko' (1918) was written by Tajovsky as a legionary at the end of WWI . It is a lyrical reminiscence, accompanying us through times and periods, when a narrator as a child experiences amazing impressions from the Christmas Holy Mass, he thinks back on an odour of frankincense, songs of shepherds, joy of all who participate in the birth of Jesus. After many years new ceremonial orders come to the church, people do not understand a (Hungarian) language, even the baby Jesus is different, having boots on. Author connects a magic of folk ceremonies with a Slovak word, which represents semantics of representative sign. Through a myth about nativity of Christ Tajovsky illustrates how much destructively Hungarisation damaged our national substance.

5

NA RUBE SPRÍTOMŇOVANIA IDEÁLU (MELANCHÓLIA V DISKURZE SLOVENSKÉHO LITERÁRNEHO REALIZMU)

100%

Taranenková I.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2015

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tom 62

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nr 2

81 – 95

EN

The paper is focused on several ways of presenting melancholy in the discourse of Slovak literary realism – in the works by P. O. Hviezdoslav but mostly in the proses by S. H. Vajanský and M. Kukučín. Built on the latest research into the subject matter of interdisciplinary character, it deals with the dual presence of melancholy in the national revivalist narrative, which highlights the fundamental contradiction in Slovak literature of the 19th century oscillating between the ideal and its manifestations, i.e. the deficit of it in empirical experience. Despite the explicit marginalization, melancholy becomes a category showing deeper structural qualities of Slovak culture including Slovak literature in the 19th century, which is related to the nostalgic and utopian moments being the subject of numerous writings. It represents the „negative reality“ (L. F. Földényi), which reflects its efforts, ambitions and contradictions reaching beyond the actual era.

6

UNDER-DETERMINATION, SCEPTICISM, AND REALISM

100%

Koreň L.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2014

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tom 21

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nr 2

145 – 167

EN

This study aims to articulate and compare the structure, presuppositions and implications of two paradigmatic sceptical arguments, i.e. arguments from under-determination of scientific theories by observational data (UA) and Cartesian-style arguments (CA) invoking sceptical scenarios of severe cognitive dislocation. Although salient analogies between them may prompt one to think that a unified diagnosis of what is amiss with them is called for, it will be argued that this may be a false hope, if those analogies do not underwrite a complete homology. That said, possible parallels of one promising anti-sceptical exposure of CA are pointed out for the case of UA, which conspire together to render the problem of under-determination less threatening than it could at first appear.

7

A GAME AND (OR) A LIFE, MISANTHROPY A LA SLOVAK (BOZENA SLANCIKOVA-TIMRAVA: UINKIND PEOPLE)

100%

Mikulova M.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2006

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tom 53

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nr 3-4

169-177

EN

The novelette 'Nemili' (Unkind People, 1899) confirms by its poetics and interpretation of reality that Timrava is a typical author of modern Slovak prose. This work can be characterised as a contribution to a decomposition of a fixture of realistic writing. Destabilised of up to that time integral world of prose happens on all the levels of her texts, it influences mainly the semantic core. In that period up-to-date analogy of fate, life and cards became a base of the story. Timrava uses a card game as a tool of original interpretation of social relationships. But primarily (relaxing) determination disappeared from the game. The game became a stereotyped duty, which reveals 'ontological vacuum' of a characters' being. The story is focused on the 'problem' of Saba, the main character, a daughter of a village pastor. The question is whom she can marry, as she is 'neither nice nor rich or even bright'. Parallel to a card game a 'love game' is being developed also among other characters - while epilogue of the novelette stresses a victory of things happening by chance in the love relationships among characters. It is a part of the author's strategy - 'a game with a reader'. The first plan point that life and relationships happen only by chance like a game, has an opposite point in the deep structure of the text. It is a consciousness of an existential inevitability, inscribed into the 'fate' of people of a certain social position. Banality, nihilism, illiberality, lukewarmness - it is never ending meaningless cycle of the village intelligence in Timrava's story - her existentional misanthropy, with a hidden message about human being, seeking and not finding of a harmonic fulfilment of the life.

8

Ontological Status of Atomic and Molecular Orbitals in the Context of the Autonomy of Chemistry

100%

Zeidler P.

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 3(63)

193-204

EN

The question of the existence of orbitals is analyzed. The author argues that it is not possible to answer this question univocally if one accepts the assumption of Arthur Fine's 'natural ontological attitude'. From the point of view of theoretical chemistry there are no such things as orbitals. However, diagrammatic representations of atomic and molecular orbitals are very effective tools in the laboratory practice of chemistry and the process of teaching chemistry. For this reason it is advantageous to interpret them realistically.

9

FILOZOFIA JE MŔTVA. NECH ŽIJE FYZIKA!

100%

Maco R.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2018

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tom 73

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nr 4

269 – 281

EN

Among theoretical physicists there is a relatively long tradition of commenting on the historical and philosophical questions of their discipline in the form of books aimed at the wider public. Hawking and Mlodinow 2010 book offers the model-dependent realism as an interpretive framework for contemporary science. The article aims at a critical examination of the main points of this framework and comes to the conclusion that despite their efforts the authors did not free themselves from the traditional dispute between realism and anti-realism in the philosophy of science.

10

FROM DISCOURSE OF LEONID ANDREEV'S ARTISTIC METHOD (Iz rassuzhdenii o tvorcheskom metode Leonida Andreeva)

88%

Chudzinska-Parkosadze A.

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2010

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tom 59

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nr 1

17-34

EN

This article deals with the issue of Leonid Andreev's prose and the problem of its classification. The author of this article tries to argue with those critics who classify L. Andreev as expressionist by reminding that the artist himself called his artistic method 'neorealism'. According to Andreev, this term stands for the combination of symbolism and realism mode. The basis of the paper is an analysis of his method. It proves that Andrieev's contain a noticeable elements of symbolism and realism, which are transformed in an original and unique writer's style.

11

MATEMATIKA A SKUTOČNOSŤ

88%

Kvasz L.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2011

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tom 18

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nr 3

302 – 330

EN

The aim of the present paper is to offer a new analysis of the multifarious relation between mathematics and reality. We believe that the relation of mathematics to reality is, just like in the case of the natural sciences, mediated by instruments (such as algebraic symbolism, or ruler and compass). Therefore the kind of realism we aim to develop for mathematics can be called instrumental realism. It is a kind of realism, because it is based on the thesis, that mathematics describes certain patterns of reality. And it is instrumental realism, because it pays attention to the role of instruments by means of which mathematics identifies these patterns.

12

IDYLA A LIMITY REALIZMU (ŽÁNER AKO MENTÁLNE MÉDIUM)

88%

Mikulová M.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2018

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tom 65

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nr 2

130 — 142

EN

The idealistic and idyllic perception of reality in Slovak literature of the second half of the 19th century was seen as a legitimate part of the production of the old generation writers. The falsified image of reality was challenged by the production of the younger authors (Timrava, Tajovský, Jesenský). It their case it was enough to describe undistorted reality to seem polemic, i.e. anti-idyllic in contrast to the old generation of the writers. However, there was a writer who found himself split between the desire for a harmonious world and critical perception of reality – Martin Kukučín. Encouraged by the discussions in the Prague society Detvan he managed to benefit from the stimuli of European literature finding the basis for his philosophical reflections in the fundamental premises – the question of life and death, conscience, egoism, tradition, spiritual harmony and money. On the island Brač in 1896 he began to write a long work of fiction inspired by observations of a local patrician family (the fragments were titled by the Complete Works editors Rodina/Family and Zádruha/Community) with the intention to describe a family idyll, harmony and togetherness. He was very disappointed to discover that the only thing that kept the aging childless siblings together was the wealth, which in line with the family tradition of not dividing the property had no actual heir. Kukučín was disgusted by the realistic depiction of the archaic traditions so much that the text, which he failed to write in an appropriate artistic form for that reason, remained in manuscript. Having had this experience as well as been disappointed by the time spent in Slovakia he wrote in 1896 a short story titled Svadba/Wedding. He did it in a vivid and emotional form of eclogue, and he used its lyric nature to a great extent as his emotional prophylaxis. The protagonist ́s painful polarity between love for the parents and that for a woman suggests an analogy with the writer ́s feelings when he realized he never wanted to come back to his homeland again.

13

TRANSCENDENTAL ARGUMENTS AND PHENOMENOLOGY (Argumenty transcendentalne i fenomenologia)

88%

Leszczynski D.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2009

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tom 37

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nr 3

181-197

EN

The paper discusses some problems concerning transcendental arguments. The author reconstructs the main aspects of transcendental arguments, their functions (as anti-skeptical strategies) and their structure. What is crucial in this respect is that transcendental arguments are not modus ponens reasoning but synthetic a priori statements and forms of 'situated thought'. In this sense there is a connection between the idea of 'situated thought' and some of Husserl's conceptions from the 'Logical Investigations'. The author discusses also this problem in reference to Searle's transcendental defense of external realism.

14

JESENSKY'S REALISM IN THE 'DEMOCRATS'

88%

Kuzmikova J.

Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 2

57-65

EN

Jesensky‘s 'Democrats' is not a realistic work in the sense that it would provide an account of the outer phenomenal reality. Such a view of realism is generally accepted, though no doubt misleading. The novel 'The Democrats' depicts the Slovak society in the 1930s. Time and history are related to the thematic layer of the literary work - the 'real' thematic framework is usually considered the main indicator of the realistic character of artistic prose. The authoress of the study approaches the novel from the cognitive perspective. Her aim is to create a certain foundation from which it would be possible to start the research of the so-called realism in modernism. Therefore, one should take seriously the arguments of cognitive science that the objective theory of meaning based on probabilistic conditions failed; that most of the terms are not classical (completely definable) but on the contrary, most of the every-day language is metaphorical. A rhetorical question may be asked: Is not the classical literary theoretical distinction between semantics and pragmatics useless, if it is obvious that in the human, and thus, also in the literary language, it is not possible to ignore the width and the depth of human experience?

15

TRHLINY V ČESKO-SLOVENSKÉ VZÁJEMNOSTI KONCEM 19. STOLETÍ NA PŘÍKLADU CESTOPISU TERÉZIE VANSOVÉ

88%

Pátková J.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2017

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tom 64

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nr 2

87 – 103

EN

The form of Czech-Slovak mutuality had during the 19th century monolithic character. On the example of travelogue literature in the 19th and the 20th centuries, among other things we can see that difficult historical situation in Slovakia was located then. Terézia Vansová in her travelogue Pani Georgiadesová na cestác/Ms Georgiadesová’s traveling) subtitled Veselý cestopis do Prahy na národopisnú výstavu (1896 – 1897)/Happy travelogue to Prague on an ethnographic exhibition (1896 – 1897)) captures this transformation, along with the transformation of literary and socio-historical code. From the typological point of view an obvious way from hitherto in travelogue genre is in this travelogue. Selection of a fictional narrator instead of the author’s point of view and a female optics story appears in the development of Slovak literature as new one. The author, through a fictional narrator Johanna Georgiadesová thematises mutual (Czech-Slovak and Slovak-Czech) ignorance of culturally and historically closest land. Journey to the Czechoslavic Ethnographic Exhibition held in 1895, occupies a central place in the travelogue and meant for Vansová despite thematisation cracks also strengthening of national self-confidence.

16

WILMON HENRY SHELDON A JEHO „SYNTÉZA FILOZOFIÍ“

88%

Hajko D.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2016

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tom 71

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nr 3

209 – 219

EN

The article focuses on Sheldon’s terms „reconciliation“ and „synthesis of philosophies“. It does not want to offer just a simple descriptive report on the global state of philosophical thinking in the first half of the twentieth century. It also embraces the function of an inspiring force showing the way forward. It contemplates the actions and reflections of those participating in the process of creating a new perspective on the world within their own philosophical systems. It looks for elements that might be utilized in building up a synthetic philosophical outlook on the reality of this world – an outlook that would not only map this reality but would also designate in it the necessary reference points adequate for human conduct and interaction.

17

PRIAMOČIARY REALIZMUS A JEHO POZÍCIA V RÁMCI SPORU REALIZMU A ANTIREALIZMU

88%

Labuda P.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2013

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tom 20

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nr suppl. 1

64 – 78

EN

This paper analyses the nature of language and its role in realism-antirealism debate. The aim of the paper is (i) to present and defend the common-sense realism as a position, which enables us to offer a plausible explanation of the evolution of linguistic practice, and (ii) to present the realism-antirealism debate as a battle of an accent. The realists emphasize (a) the source of differentiation, while the antirealists accent the process of differentiation. Both of the aims are met via the conceptual analysis of the main realism-antirealism concepts such as language, differentiation, difference, reality, to constitute (construct) and by the assessment of the impact that the results of the abovementioned analysis would have on the position of common-sense realism.

18

What We Have Learned from the Discussion on Justification of Knowledge

88%

Chojnacki M.

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2008

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tom 17

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nr 1(65)

41-52

EN

This is an attempt to investigate two opposite positions in the controversy about justification of knowledge - foundationalism and coherentism. The author refers to the views of Edmund Gettier, Ernst Sosa and Keith Lehrer. The main findings can be summarized as follows. The author argues that the two opposite positions are not dramatically contrary. Moreover, taking a clue from Sosa, he distinguishes an ideal of knowledge based on formal criteria from substantive knowledge that bears the stamp of revocable theory. Finally, going in the footsteps of Lehrer, he identifies genuine knowledge with a search for truth and indicates that a new form of justification of knowledge is to be looked-for in the hope that the new approach will redefine such concepts as relativism, skepticism and epistemological realism.

19

IN SEARCH OF REALITY - ABOUT REALISM IN DANISH CONTEMPORARY PROSE (W poszukiwaniu rzeczywistosci - o realizmie we wspolczesnej prozie dunskiej)

88%

Zanko A.

Studia Humanistyczne AGH

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2011

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tom 10

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nr 1

155-165

EN

The article deals with one of the main streams in Danish contemporary literature, namely the realistic minimalism.Minimalism appeared in Danish contemporary literature at the beginning of the 1990-ties. It was developed by the first generation of writers, who graduated at that time from The Danish School of Writers (Forfatterskolen), founded in 1987 in Copenhagen by the Danish modernist poet and literary critic Poul Borum. The first graduates from The Danish School of Writers wrote mainly short stories, characterized by economy of words and focus on surface description. Due to their form as well as subject matter the works written by Danish minimalists are often called for snapshots of everyday life in nowadays Denmark. Soon after that great outburst of minimalism in Danish literature from the early 90'ties the critics proclaimed the so-called “return to reality” in Danish contemporary literature. Owing to that remarkable phenomenon minimalist literature composed by Danish contemporary writers is often described as a renewed version of realism, whose roots go back to the 70-ties and the 80-ties of the 19th century. The present article gives a brief characteristics of the main features typical of the Danish minimalist realism, which have been discussed in the light of the first wave of realistic literature that came to Denmark in the second half of 19th century. In this way the author compares two related, but though different literary techniques practised by the two generations of Danish realists: the contemporary on the one hand, among whom the author mentions such names as Christina Hesselholdt, Helle Helle and Solvej Balle, as well as their forefathers on the other, where the author respectively refers to Herman Bang, Jens Peter Jacobsen and Henrik Pontoppidan. On the basis of this comparison the author seeks to point out the similarities and the differences between the two series of literary accounts of the Danish reality with regard to their genre specification, form, language and themes. Finally, the author considers the role of minimalism in the contemporary Danish literature and mentions some possible sources of the great interest that minimalist literature still enjoys in Denmark.

20

ASPEKTUALIZMUS A PROBLÉM REALIZMU V ANALYTICKEJ FILOZOFII UMENIA

88%

Hrkút J.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2014

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tom 21

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nr 2

168 – 179

EN

The paper aims to explore the model which is trying to explain the nature of aesthetic properties. The starting point for testing a plausibility of aspectualistic solution is a kind of exploration. Aspectualism plays a role between realistic and anti-realistic answer to the question: what are the aesthetic judgments related to? Standard discussions are linked in two directions. The first one presupposes existence of real aesthetic properties or qualities in artworks, thus independent of the human mind. The second, on the contrary, explains our aesthetic judgments as related to aesthetic properties (values) that are constructed in relationship of artwork and recipient, thus dependent on human mind. Both positions have strengths and weaknesses with respect to the different artistic genres and approaches. Aspectualistic strategy offers an explanation which has an ambition to be the solution to this dispute. The paper analyses this position in the work of Roger Scruton and looks for the answer to the question whether this solution is sufficient and where are its limits, if any.