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Redox control of cellular function by thioredoxin; a new therapeutic direction in host defence

100%

Nishinaka Y. , Nakamura H. , Masutani H. , Yodoi J.

2001

tom 49

nr 4

285-292

Compelling evidence has suggested that oxidative stress mediates various cellular reponses, and control of reduction/oxidation (redox) is importan in maintaining the homeostatsis of an organism. The thioredoxin (TRX) system, along with as well as the glutathione system, is one of the key system in controling cellular redox statuts. TRX is a small ubiquitous protein with the redox-active site sequence -Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-. It has been demonstrated to be a multifunctional protein, which has regulatory roles in cellular signaling and gene transcription in addition to cytoprotective activities through the quenching of reactive oxygen species. Various oxidative stimuli, such as as UV irradiation, cytokines and some chemicals, promptly induce the xpression of TRX. Overexpression of TRX correlates with a wide variety of oxidative stress conditions and, in some cases, TRX has shown promising effects for clinical use, for instance in the attenuation of tissue injury in ischemia reperfusion models. The modulation of TRX functions in association with other redox-regulatory should give us a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of oxidative stress-mediated disorders and diseases.

Mitochondria and aging: innocent bystanders or guilty parties?

100%

Tonska K. , Solyga A. , Bartnik E.

tom 50

nr 1

55-62

. There are many theories of aging and a number of them encompass the role of mitochondria in this process. Mitochondrial DNA mutations and deletions have been shown to accumulate in many tissues in mammals during aging. However, there is little evidence that these mutations could affect the functioning of aging tissues.

Immunotherapy in the management of sepsis

88%

Sikora J. P.

tom 50

nr 5

317-324

The work presents the role of Gram-negative bacteria endotoxins, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the complex and not fully explained pathogenesis of sepsis. The so called ?respiratory burst? of neutrophils and antioxidant mechanisms of the host are also discussed. The work has focused on possible approaches to the management of sepsis connected with immunotherapy. Neutralisation of endotoxin lypopolysaccharide (LPS), anti-TNF-alpha therapy with monoclonal antibodies or pentoxifylline (PTXF) as well as soluble recombinant cytokine agonists and antagonists used in clinical trials were taken into consideration. Besides, cytokine manipulation therapy, anti-adhesion techniques or glicocorticoides and antioxidant barrier interference were also described. So far there has been no immunotherapy of sepsis in children of proven clinical efficacy, which prompts aggressive examination of the immune system, aimed at affecting its function.

Cell walls as a source of signals regulating the fate and development of plant cells

88%

Rodakowska E. , Kasprowicz A. , Lapa A. , Luczak A. , Derba M. , Wojtaszek P.

2006

nr 4

18-35

Cell walls are the outermost functional zone of plant cells. Although they surround individual cells, at the same time they form a part of supracellular structure ? the apoplast. On the other hand, they are also an indispensable component of the structural and functional continuum formed between cell wall, plasma membrane, and cytoskeleton (WMC continuum), and spanning the whole cell. Thus, cell walls are crucial for the communication of cells with their surrounding. This paper constitutes a short review of the importance of plant cell walls as a source of signalling molecules. Particular attention is paid to: 1) cell walls as a kind of mechanical system characteristic to plants; 2) generation and transport of extracellular signalling molecules, such as signalling peptides and oligosaccharins; 3) apoplastic source of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. The review is supplemented with the description of selected results coming from our research group.

Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptide as a source of neurotoxic free radicals: the role of structural effects

51%

Pogocki D.

nr 2

131-145

This mini review gives a brief overview over the oxidation mechanism of methionine (Met), relevant for processes which may lead to the oxidation of amyloid beta-peptide (betaAP), involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer?s disease. The Cu II-catalysed oxidation of C-terminal Met 35 in AP depends on the secondary structure of the peptide. That seems to be the key to the known propensities of this peptide to form reactive oxygen species and free radicals. The pro-oxidant character of betaAP is not associated with its -beta sheet insoluble form. On the contrary, the alpha-helically organised structure is responsible for betaAP redox-related cytotoxicity.