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BOTANICAL IDENTIFICATION OF WOOD CHARCOAL REMAINS AND RADIOCARBON DATING - NEW EXAMPLES OF THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TAXONOMICAL IDENTIFICATIONS PRIOR TO 14C DATING

100%

Moskal-del H. M. , Kozlowski J. K.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2009

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tom 61

253-271

EN

This paper illustrates how radiocarbon dating of charcoals could benefit from anthracological analyses. These analyses demonstrate that some charcoal assemblages coming from archaeological sites may encounter the problem of chronologically mixed materials. As a consequence, the charcoal fragments from these contaminated contexts give 14C age measurements that differ from a relative chronology observed at the archaeological site. However, in many occasions the sources of contamination cannot be easily observed during the archaeological fieldworks. For this reason, a taxonomical analysis of charcoal remains carried out before the materials are sent to radiocarbon dating facilities may help to detect some of the stratigraphic disturbances. Furthermore, other advantages of this method are discussed. First, the botanical analysis permits to choose a taxon that better corresponds to the climatic conditions of the site. Second, it is possible to select a plant fragment that represents a short life span.

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RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY OF CORDED WARE CULTURE IN THE LIGHT OF DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL DATINGS OF LATE NEOLITHIC LAKE DWELLINGS IN SWITZERLAND

100%

Wlodarczak P.

Archeologia Polski

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2007

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tom 52

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nr 1-2

35-80

EN

The radiocarbon dating is the main way of determining the absolute age of Corded Ware Culture (CWC). The dominating models based on calibrated dating characterized by considerably differing interpretations due to the diverse approaches to the calibration and sample quality. The character of the calibration curve sets considerable limitations on the precise determination of calendar age. Precise age determination is sometimes impossible within a range of hundreds of years. The origins of CWC settlement, defined most often as between 2900 and 2750 B.C., falls in the time of an exceptionally vast flattening of the curve (2880-2580 B.C.). The choice of particular dates in this three-hundred-year range is the effect of an archaeologist's estimate without grounds in radiocarbon dating. The last resort for precising of the age of the oldest phase of CWC is - dendrochronological dating. Summing up, the main characteristics of the dendrochronological model include: 1. short duration of CWC (ca. 300 years); 2. a disjunctiveness of the said culture from the age of older and younger culture groups; 3. dated ceramic assemblages reveal both an enduring tradition of chosen older ceramic types and a fast pace of stylistic changes. Three clear stylistic phases are in evidence. On the other hand, the CWC chronology based on radiocarbon dates is characterized by: 1. long duration of the culture; 2. long spans of contemporaneous existence of CWC settlement and other Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age cultures; 3. with regard to the ceramic assemblages, a frequently observed 'longevity' of examined stylistic types. The scale of the listed differences forces one to consider the possibility of two such separate realities. The quality and accuracy of the data call for greater credibility being granted to the dendrochronological datings and for comparing other areas to it. However, an automatic transfer of the cultural-chronological situation from one area to all the others is impossible for obvious reasons. Nonetheless, supraregional stylistic trends, characteristic of a 'pan-European horizon', for example, can be dated similarly with considerable likelihood. On the other hand, all the late local CWC groups, which also do not reveal in artefact typology any connections with Swiss territory, cannot be reliably synchronized by the radiocarbon method. It cannot be assumed in advance that the decline of CWC style occurred at a similar time in all of the areas. The chronologies based on separate dating systems feature one other fundamental difference. The dendrochronological model for the subalpine regions contains numerous time gaps between the settlement of particular cultural groups in specific territories. The nature of potential settlement is questioned for periods for which there are no dated records. The less precise 14C datings give rise to models assuming the longevity and connection between the settlement cultural units. There are no time gaps potentially existing between the age of finds to be observed based on a 14C chronology. The separate dating methods implicate a different approach and remains uncertainty caused by the possibility of such deep differences of the chronological-cultural model existing in reality. The solution is obtaining material for dendrochronological studies from central and northern Europe. 14 Figures.

3

IWANOWICE BABIA GÓRA I AND THE SETTLEMENTS WITH BADEN CERAMICS IN LITTLE POLAND. QUESTIONS CONCERNING THEIR DURATION

100%

Furholt M. , Machnik J.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2006

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tom 58

325-354

EN

The article discusses a cultural transition at the end of the 4th and the beginnings of the 3rd Millennia BC in Little Poland on the wide Central European background. In Carpathian Basin and in western part of Little Poland an important role played in this time the Baden culture. A new series of radiocarbon dates and a rich pottery material from the Baden features on the site Babia Góra I at Iwanowice, site 21 at Zeslawice and site 5 at Wyciaze were analysed in detailed way. In a result the authors stated that classic Baden settlements in the neighborhood of Krakow existed in a relatively short time, i.e. between 3050 and 2900 BC.

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RADIOCARBON REVOLUTION AND ‘HISTORICAL’ COUNTERREVOLUTION. CHRONOLOGY OF EUROPE, EURASIA AND CHINA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 2ND MILLENNIUM BC

88%

Grigoriev S.

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nr suppl 1

171 – 177

EN

A significant problem in archaeology is the inconsistency between the radiocarbon chronology and the chronology built on the Near Eastern written sources. At the same time, the use of a more advanced AMS method gives younger dates that drift towards historical ones. Comparison of the Eurasian Sintashta and Seima-Turbino complexes with Near Eastern and Chinese materials, as well as with the dendrochronology of the Alpine zone, showed the closeness of these chronological systems. It follows from this that historical dates are more correct than radiocarbon dates.

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DAWN OF THE EARLY BRONZE AGE IN SOUTH-WEST ERN SLOVAKIA. A RE-EVALUATION OF THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND CHRONOLOGY OF VÝČAPY-OPATOVCE

88%

Wilkes F. , Skorna H.

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2022

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tom 70

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nr 1

63 – 80

EN

This paper deals with the chronology and social structure of the Early Bronze Age cemetery of Výčapy-Opatovce (Slovakia/Nitra district). Six radiocarbon dates are presented for the Nitra culture cemetery, which date Výčapy-Opatovce to the very beginning of the Early Bronze Age (2300/2200 – 1500/1400 BCE), roughly contemporaneous with the first phases of the Branč cemetery (Nitra district). A small group of graves originally attributed to the Copper Age Ludanice group also seem to date at least partially to the Bronze Age. The results of the radiocarbon dating do not support a chronological division of the cemetery. Applying a burial index (Z-transformation), five grave clusters were identified within the cemetery. These concentrations of richly furnished graves are separated from each other by poor graves. Two of the clusters could be dated by the radiocarbon dates and demonstrated different areas at the burial ground were used at the same time. The authors conclude that in particular the chronological burial site model of Ch. Bernard, which she proposed in 2005 for Výčapy-Opatovce, should be rejected. The combination of the results of the analysis of the grave indices and radiocarbon dates for Výčapy-Opatovce argues for a division of the cemetery into social groups, as initially suggested by A. Točík.

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STARŠÍ HORIZONT BADENSKEJ KULTÚRY NA PRÍKLADE NÁLEZOV Z FINTÍC (OK R. PREŠOV)

75%

Horváthová E. , Šimčík P.

Študijné zvesti

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2024

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tom 71

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nr 1

17 – 34

EN

The Eneolithic finds from the village of Fintice in Eastern Slovakia represent relics close to the early settlement horizon of the Baden culture (BaC). Based on the analysis of the typological-chronological features of pottery as well as the results of absolute radiocarbon analyses, in the north-eastern peripheral zone of the Baden culture complex (BaCC) in the Carpathian basin, they can be incorporated in the finds dated to the turn of stages Baden I/II or in the unidentified phase of stage Baden II. This still unspecified and very little known settlement horizon has been recognized only at several sites in the geographical area of Eastern Slovakia – in the Košická kotlina basin, in Lower Šariš and Lower Zemplín regions.