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EN
Archaeorthoptera is a high rank insect taxon comprising Orthoptera as well as the extinct orders Titanoptera and Caloneurodea, and several other late Paleozoic groups formerly assigned to polyphyletic Protorthoptera. Synapomorphies defining Archaeorthoptera and some fossil subordinate taxa are exclusively based on wing venation. This study presents a detailed description of two new archaeorthopteran genera and three new species from the Pennsylvanian of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland. These new taxa provide new insights into the wing venation disparity of this remarkable and insufficiently studied insect group. Omaliella polonica sp. nov. is based on a well preserved forewing, including the wing base, which allows a thorough discussion and comparison with other archaeorthopterans. Surprisingly, it is the first complete wing for this group of related genera (Omaliella, Omalia, Coselia and Paleomastax). Owadpteron dareki gen. et sp. nov. has an unusual arrangement of cubital veins. The marked resemblance of the venation of Owadpteron to that of some members of the gerarid line, such as Nacekomia, supports its placement within the family Geraridae (stemgroup Orthoptera). Finally, the venation of Parapalaeomastax dariuszi gen. et sp. nov. strikingly resembles that of the genus Palaeomastax, differing only in the distally branched media. Discovery of these three new archaeorthopterans from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin fits well with that of closely related taxa known from other deposits in Euramerica, such as Mazon Creek Lagerstätte, Avion in Pas-de-Calais Basin and others. Furthermore, a new re-examination of the earliest archaeorthopteran from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin confirms doubtful assignment of this fragmentary fossil to Archaeorthoptera or even to Pterygota.
EN
A new interpretation of the wing venation of the fossil insect order Caloneurodea is proposed. Complex fusions of veins are demonstrated, supporting the assignment of the Caloneurodea to the Panorthoptera, i.e. the order is closely related to the Orthoptera. A new diagnosis of the order is proposed. The following taxa are re-described after new interpretation, material or preparation, or are newly described: Caloneura dawsoni Brongniart, 1885 (= Boltonaloneura subtilis (Bolton, 1925) syn. nov.), Gigagramma carpenteri gen. and sp. nov.; Sthenarocera pachytyloides Brongniart, 1885, Pruvostiella lecomtei (Pruvost, 1919), Apsidoneura flexa Carpenter, 1943, Homaloptila similis (Meunier, 1911), Pleisiogramma medialis Carpenter, 1943 (=Pleisiogramma reducta Carpenter, 1943 syn. nov.), Paleuthygramma acuta Carpenter, 1943, Paleuthygramma sharovi sp. nov., Euthygramma parallelum Martynov, 1928 (= Euthygramma curvatum Martynov, 1931 syn. nov.; = Paleuthygrammella aberrans (Martynov, 1938) syn. nov.), Anomalogramma parva Carpenter, 1943, Nanogramma gandi gen. and sp. nov., and Ligogramma sinuosa gen. and sp. nov. The family Gelasopteridae Carpenter, 1976 is revised and its ordinal relationships are discussed. After the proposed phylogenetic frame, mutation(s) occurring in homeotic genes are expected to be responsible of the unusual wing morphology of the Caloneurodea, mixing fore- and hind-wing 'panorthopteriď features.
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