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EN
According to the estimated data, among the group of Polish war refugees in Hungary in 1939–1945 there were about 450 children at the age of primary education. After reorganizing and bringing to life the refugee structures, there was a special publishing action organized especially for these children, this action resulted in publishing ten books for the youngest reader in Budapest in 1940–1943. All of them – as almost all books published by the Hungarian Dispersion – were created using the “small print” technology. These editions were handled by the American Committee for Polish Relief (2 books in 1940), and – most of all – by the Polish Library (Biblioteka Polska – 8 books throughout 1941–1943). Apart from the renewals of positions for children and adolescents from before 1939, which were limited by the availability of the originals, there is one author that deserves special credit – the young teacher Maria Grażyna Ławrukianiec, who was the only author in the Hungarian refugee world to devote her work completely to the youngest reader. She published three books with the Polish Library, all of which comprised of poematic or prosaic short stories for children (Księżycowa bajka 1941, Opowiadania 1942, Tytuł da serce 1943), as well as a new translation of a popular novel by Alan Alexander Milne about Winnie the Pooh called Miś Puh- Niedźwiedzki – 1943. The characteristic feature of the publishing program of the Polish Library was a completely free-of-charge distribution of all children books within the premises of the Kingdom of Hungary. This distribution was conducted based on the demand lists created by individual facilities and camps all over the kingdom. The books were also – when possible – tried to be distributed free-of-charge outside the boundaries of Hungary to other Polish refugee groups.
EN
During the last few years Europe is heading the problem of refugees. Nowadays there are 125 ethnicities in Crimea. Poles constitute one of these groups, and it is not the smallest one. A part of the contemporary community of Crimean Poles are the descendants of Polish refugees, who came to the peninsula in the first half of the 20th century. The present article is based on an analysis of the data from Crimean archives referring to the given topic. Published materials may arise the interest of not only historians but can be also useful for people willing to re-establish family ties, as well as in the process of solving problems connected with the refugees, whose number in the contemporary world is still getting higher.
3
Content available Polish Refugees in Nyíregyháza
84%
PL
Po napadzie Niemiec na Polskę we wrześniu 1939 r. , rząd węgierski otworzył granice dla uchodźców polskich. Tysiące uchodźców przybyło z Polski na Węgry także po 17 września 1939 r. Rząd węgierski sprawnie zadbał o otworzenie obozów dla uchodźców. Już w grudniu 1939 r. udostępniono im dworskie centrum gospodarcze w miejscowości Nyíregyháza, a z czasem obóz ulokowano w uzdrowiskowej dzielnicy miasta Sóstógyógyfürdő, w budynkach tzw. Domu Szwajcarskiego, Domu Sereny i fabryki wody sodowej. Burmistrz i ludność miasta dbali o bezpieczeństwo uchodźców, zapewniając pomoc i możliwość dalszej ucieczki. Zachowane materiały, dokumentujące życie obozu, znajdują się w archiwum miejskim.
EN
As in September 1939 Germany invaved Poland, Hungary’ borders were opened for Polish refugees. There were ten thousand Polish refugee groups arriving after 17 September 1939. The Hungarian government was kind enough to open camps for the refugees. Centre for accommodating refugees was opened in December 1939 in Nyiregyhaza, and in time the camp was located in the spa section of the city in Sóstógyógyfurdo in the buildings of the Swiss Lodge, the soda works and the Szerena-Lodge. Providing assistance and the opportunity of the further escape, the president and residents looked after safety of the refugees. Documenting the life of the camp, preserved references are placed in a city arichive.
EN
During the last few years Europe is heading the problem of refugees. Nowadays there are 125 ethnicities in Crimea. Poles constitute one of these groups, and it is not the smallest one. A part of the contemporary community of Crimean Poles are the descendants of Polish refugees, who came to the peninsula in the first half of the 20th century. The present article is based on an analysis of the data from Crimean archives referring to the given topic. Published materials may arise the interest of not only historians but can be also useful for people willing to re-establish family ties, as well as in the process of solving problems connected with the refugees, whose number in the contemporary world is still getting higher.
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