The article presents the political debate which took place within the Polish Socialist Party after 1905, regarding the selection of real means to achieve its political goals. The Polish Socialist Party in the period of the Second Polish Republic was an evolutionist and democratic organization, standing in opposition to the ideas of an authoritarian state. The party leaders dissented from achieving political program objectives through methods typical of revolutionary radicalism. The authoritarian fascinations of the May 1926 coup d’etat in the long-term did not lead to a re-evaluation of the political program adopted at the moment of independence.
The aim of the article is to present the standpoints of the Polish Socialist Party against the May coup d’Etat in 1926. The paper brings close the actual influence of socialists and dependent on trade unions within the preparation and course on the May coup d’Etat 1926. The author analyses the role and influence of the socialist past of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski in obtaining the support of the leftist forces in the decisive moments of the 1926 coup d’Etat. The article contains a comparative analysis of the political postulates of the Polish Socialist Party as well as the actions taken by the leading groupings aimed at carrying out political and system reforms in the Second Polish Republic. It was shown that the concept of Polish socialists, adopted at the beginning of the 1920s, consisting of achieving program objectives through gradual and non-revolutionary socio-political reforms, paradoxically was abandoned in 1926 in favour of solutions characteristic for revolutionary groups.
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