Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Konstytucyjne prawo do zaskarżania orzeczeń a problem kwestionowania rozstrzygnięć prezydium Polskiej Komisji Akredytacyjnej

100%

Przywora B.

Przegląd Sejmowy

|

2014

|

nr 4(123)

85-98

EN

The article deals with the conformity to the Polish constitution of legal regulations concerning appeals against decisions (resolutions) of the presidium of Polish Accreditation Committee. This measure plays a special role in the process of improving the quality of education in Polish universities and achieving educational standards applicable both in the European and global scientifi c community. The main objective of its functioning is to carry out mandatory assessments of the quality of education and to provide opinion on applications to establish new fi elds of study. There is no doubt that the Committee, through these activities, signifi cantly infl uences the form of higher education in Poland. Its decisions determine the legal situation of both the university, lecturers and students, and undoubtedly impinge on their constitutional rights and freedoms. Under the constitution, settlements of the Committee should be subject to direct judicial review. The question arises of whether the adopted mechanisms of review of the resolutions of the presidium of the Committee meet the constitutional standards. Answering this question required deliberations in the context of the Constitution, ordinary legislation, as well as the jurisprudence of administrative courts, including case law of the Supreme Administrative Court and the Constitutional Tribunal. The fi nal section presents conclusions and de lege ferenda postulates.

2

Problematyka odpowiedzialności władz publicznych za ochronę środowiska. Analiza zagadnienia ochrony środowiska w świetle prawa polskiego i unijnego

80%

Dąbrowska J.

Studia Iuridica

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2022

|

tom 94

43-57

EN

Unimpeded functioning of the natural environment is the basis for the operation and effective development of society. However, the fundamental role that nature plays in the existence of society has not protected it from overexploitation. Human activity focused mainly on the progressive economic development has gradually led to a significant environmental degradation. Therefore the problem of environmental protection has rightly become the main topic of public discourse worldwide. In response, governments and international organizations have taken a series of coordinated actions to prevent further destruction. Law is one of the most effective instruments in environmental protection. The Polish Constitution provides that environmental protection is a duty of public authorities, which they are obligated to fulfil. The EU law also protects the environment by means of many legislative acts. Over the years, the European Union, as the economic and political union of states, has developed one of the most restrictive mechanisms of environmental protection. The EU legislation has always emphasized that sustainable development and green economy are the supreme values for the Union. The EU law is part of the Polish legal system, and thus also imposes the obligation on Polish public authorities to care for the environment.

3

Some remarks about the conception of executive power in the 1997 Polish Constitution

80%

Kruk M.

Contemporary Central and East European Law

|

2002

|

nr 125-132

53-61

EN

This text is about Polish Constitution from 1997 and the division of powers (legislature, executive, judiciary). Also, Executive system have got division on President and Prime Minister. Sometimes these divisions can involve conflicts, but they are necessary. In article author also make comparisons between polish and french political system. This article i san updated verion of a text published in: Instytucje współczesnego prawa administracyjnego. Księga jubileuszowa prof. Józefa Filipka, Kraków 2001.

4

Analiza zgodności składki gazowej w związku z nadzwyczajnymi zyskami osiągniętymi w 2022 r. („Składka”), o której mowa w projekcie ustawy o zmianie ustaw w celu wsparcia odbiorców energii elektrycznej, paliw gazowych i ciepła oraz niektórych innych ustaw („Projekt”) z prawem UE, tj. rozporządzeniem Rady 2022/1854 z 6 października 2022 r. w sprawie interwencji w sytuacji nadzwyczajnej w celu rozwiązania problemu wysokich cen energii („Rozporządzenie”) oraz Konstytucją Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 2 kwietnia 1997 r. („Konstytucja”)

80%

Romanowski M. , Haiduk P. , Orzeł A. , Stefaniuk W.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

|

2024

|

nr 1(81)

233-264

EN

The opinion analyzes European Union law (including, in particular, Council Regulation (EU) 2022/1854 of October 6, 2022 on emergency intervention to address high energy prices) and Polish law (including, in particular, the Constitution), leading to the conclusion that the introduction of a gas contribution in connection with extraordinary profits made in 2022 (referred to in the draft law on amending laws to support consumers of electricity, gaseous fuels and heat and some other laws) for 2022 at the end of 2023 is permissible on their basis. The opinion outlines, among other things, the objectives and nature of the gas contribution, interprets the provisions of the aforementioned regulation, and points out the key principles of the democratic rule of law, including in particular the principle of retroactivity, which apply to assessing the permissibility of introducing the gas contribution. In conclusion, the authors take the position that the aforementioned gas contribution may be introduced under the aforementioned regulation until December 31, 2023 at the latest.

5

Implementation of Patients’ Rights

80%

Furtak-Niczyporuk M. , Mela-Kalicka A. , Wójcicki M. , Jaroszyński J.

Teka Komisji Prawniczej

|

2024

|

tom 17

|

nr 2

139-146

EN

The institution of the Ombudsman appeared in Poland as late as in 2008 as a result of the enactment of the Act of 6 November 2008 on Patients’ Rights and Patients’ Ombudsman. This was the result of conducting many studies and recommendations, which recognised the need to institutionalize patients’ rights and thus appoint a patients’ representative that will uphold their rights. It should be noted that the Act on Patients’ Rights and Patients’ Ombudsman was part of the so-called health bill package, aimed at reforming the health care system and supporting patients in enforcing their rights. The Patients’ Ombudsman was established to effectively protect the rights of patients in the health care system. This follows directly from the basic duties of public authorities to protect the health of citizens. In general, the duties of public authorities to protect health and act in the health care system derive from Article 68 of the Polish Constitution. This provision is fundamental to determining the scope of the obligations of public authorities, but also of those required to interpret and apply the provisions of patients’ rights. On this basis, the Ombudsman for Patients’ Rights, as the central body of government administration in Poland, is competent for the protection of patients’ rights (Act of 6 November 2008 on Patients’ Rights and Patients’ Ombudsman). His activities are focused on respecting patients’ rights concerning the individual patient, as well as the collective rights of patients.

6

Opinia prawna na temat zgodności z przepisami Konstytucji RP niektórych przepisów ustawy o zmianie ustawy – Prawo lotnicze

80%

Szydło M.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

|

2013

|

nr 1(37)

161-172

EN

In the author’s view the possibility of submitting documents and applications by air carriers to the President of the Civil Aviation Authority in a language other than Polish raises serious due to its lack of conformity with Article 27 of the Constitution. Other provisions of the proposed amendment do not raise doubts about their constitutionality. In accordance with the proposal all administrative cases filed and pending before appropriate bodies (mostly the President of the Civil Aviation Authority) are subject to the new provisions which will be inserted in Aviation Law Act.

7

Projekt stanowiska Sejmu w sprawie o sygn. akt K 27/12

80%

Gromek Z.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

|

2013

|

nr 1(37)

231-259

EN

The opinion presents Sejm’s draft position in the proceedings before the Constitutional Tribunal concerning constitutionality of the procedure for the creation of common and military courts (Ref. No. K 27/12). A group of Deputies and the National Council of the Judiciary, initiating the proceedings, challenged the transfer to create and dissolve common and military courts to – respectively – the Minister of Justice and Minister of National Defence. In the Sejm’s view, the procedure for creation common courts does not infringe constitutional standards, but the provision authorising the creation of military courts does not comply with the Constitution due to the lack of necessary guidelines.

8

Конституционный аспект эволюции пограничных войск в 1945–1965 гг.

80%

Zawadzki P.

|

nr 2

247-264

EN

Before I proceed to further detailed and developed arguments, I would like to present the main research problem involving the following question: how did the Border Protection Forces evolve in the years 1945–1965 from the perspective of the legal system and the constitutional law in particular. The constitution referred to above is not the basic law “as such”, in common parlance, but it is the constitution present in the course of the evolution of the legal status of the Frontier Protection Forces. This article is mainly focused on this constitution, although, apart from that, it contains the spectrum of legal and constitutional schemes adopted in different periods of the functioning of the Border Guard Forces in their constitutions. It is therefore immanent to present the process of the functioning of the Border Guard Forces – the origin and evolution of legal norms in the light of the constitution and the whole system of law, as well as the changes taking place in the system of law in the time-space between 1945 and 1965. Taking into account the defined objectives, it turned out to be necessary to present the work from a historical perspective. The chronology of facts is important for the discussed subject matter, as it helps to systematize the deliberations. The structure of the work has been adapted to the above principles of this publication. It begins with a legal-historical part introducing the subject of the tradition of constitutionalism in Poland. It presents the reasons for the creation and the process of subordination of border formations to various institutional solutions, and systematizes the legal and organizational transformation of the Border Protection Forces created in 1945 as a separate type of troops by the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Internal Affairs as part of the People's Army of Poland. The Border Protection Forces repeatedly revised its structural-bureaucratic subordination from the Ministry of National Defence through the Ministry of Public Security to the Ministry of the Interior and vice versa. The general research method became a legal-historical method to reconstruct the past state of affairs, the evolution of the legal status of the Border Protection Forces.

9

My, Naród? Konstytucjonalizacja sztucznej inteligencji, czyli o potrzebie przemodelowania założeń ustrojowych

80%

Księżak P.

Przegląd Sejmowy

|

2021

|

nr 4(165)

65-87

EN

The development of artificial intelligence raises many ethical and legal challenges. The discussion concerns mainly the issues of competition and consumer protection law, personal data protection law, civil liability, contract law, however the key issue, so far neglected in the literature, may be the problem of systemic nature connected with the question of the necessity to regulate AI at the constitutional level. Such a need arises from the recognition of the role that AI will soon play in the state and society. Safeguarding human rights will require the introduction of a fundamental norm that expresses the idea of the superior position of humans over machines (autonomous systems). However, such a seemingly obvious norm, understood literally, is not at all certain when superhuman efficiency (also intellectual) of machines is taken into account. As a consequence, such a norm – derived from human dignity – may stand in unresolvable opposition to the needs of the technological system. The search for a new constitutional model that responds to these challenges should begin today.

10

Human Dignity in Law – A Case Study of the Polish Legal System

71%

Butrymowicz M.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

|

2016

|

tom 6

|

nr 2

PL

Human dignity is one of the most fundamental ideas in the entire international human rights system. As from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in 1948, the concept of the human dignity become used as a tool to protect the basic needs of humans. The other formal instruments of international human rights also make reference to dignity. Whereas international law widely accepted the inherence of dignity, controversies still arise around the source of the dignity. Polish lawmakers, on the other hand, have no doubt about the fact the concept of dignity comes from natural law. Poland, in her Constitution, refers to the teaching of John Paul II about the source, value and meaning of human dignity. There is no doubt that concept of human dignity, even when it is controversial, is the most widely accepted by all religions and political society in the world.

11

The relationship between law, ratified agreement and the EU law in the light of the Polish Constitution and application of the EU law by public administration in Poland

71%

Woźniak M.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

|

2017

|

tom 15

|

nr 4

85-99

EN

The article makes a presentation of the relation between legal acts belonging to the so-called foreign orders and the national law at the level of regulation contained in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the problem of application of the EU law by the Polish administrative authorities. The ratified international agreements and acts of the EU law are sources of administrative law and must be applied by the public authority of Member States. The article deals with two issues: the relationship between the international law and national law in the light of the Polish Constitution and application of the EU law by public administration in Poland. These issues can be dealt with separately but have a number of tangent points. The author does not aspire to present a comprehensive discussion of these issues, but intends to point out some aspects. It has been argued that the standard of application of international law by public administrations (which is also the accession treaties) and the EU law depends on how the constitution regulates the issue of international law relation to the domestic law. In Polish jurisdiction (the Constitutional Court and the Polish Supreme Administrative Court) the practice of respecting the principle of primacy of the EU law as well as the principle of a community of interpretation of this law has been established.

12

Związek między konstytucyjną zasadą społeczeństwa obywatelskiego a partycypacją społeczną — zarys problematyki

70%

GÓRALCZYK M. T.

Przegląd Sejmowy

|

2020

|

nr 6(161)

33-45

EN

The development of civil society is indicated as one of the imperatives of contemporary politics in democratic states. Its pillars are social and civic participation as well as self-government. Activity within civil society can be group-based or take the form of individual civic activity, manifested in the attitude and civic awareness of its members. Civil society is associated with the creative attitudes of community members who are empowered to make decisions. The idea of civil society should therefore be understood as a real possibility of active participation of citizens in broadly understood public matters. Public administration creates or limits the essential conditions for citizens’ participation in building a democratic order (or disorder) by enabling processes and activities that fall within the scope of social participation.

13

Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej pt. „Stan przestrzegania Konstytucji RP – diagnoza”, Senat RP, Warszawa, 11 czerwca 2024 r.

70%

Jamróz L.

Przegląd Sejmowy

|

2024

|

nr 3-4(182-183)

237–244

EN

On 11 June 2024, a conference entitled “The State of Observance of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland – Diagnosis” was held at the seat of the Senate of the Republic of Poland. The conference was co-organised by the Polish Association of Constitutional Law and the Senate of the Republic of Poland. The aim of this scientific meeting was to exchange views and formulate a position on the methods and possibilities of restoring the rule of law and the participation of Polish constitutionalists in this process. The conference was the culmination of work on the Report on the State of Observance of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland during the 9th term of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (2019–2023), which was published in December 2023. The conference was attended by a large group of constitutionalists, as well as practitioners. The speakers’ speeches and discussions focused on the problems of the current state of state bodies in the context of serious violations of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland committed in recent years.

14

Instrumentalne wykorzystywanie władzy sędziowskiej po wyroku TSUE – wieloaspektowa analiza legalnej korupcji

70%

Walczak W.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

|

2020

|

nr 2 (30)

107-160

EN

The article presents considerations and multifaceted analyses of the conditions and motives of judicial decisions taken after the judgment of the TSUE 19 November 2019, in the context of how Poland’s judiciary system functions. It begins by explaining how to perceive and understand the essence of legal corruption in terms of the use of law, power and professional position. The possibilities of the intentional use of judicial power for specific needs and purposes is discussed in this context. The next part of the paper is devoted to a critical analysis of selectively interpreted right to a tribunal enshrined in art. 45 of the Polish Constitution in connection with other values enshrined therein. The right of every citizen to a fair and public hearing of their case, without undue delay by a competent, independent, impartial and independent court, is presented in terms of the constitutional perspective, the principle of equal treatment and non-discrimination. The problem outlined here is considered from the point of view of protection against the arbitrariness of authorities and the possibility of appealing against personnel decisions enabling employment to be taken up in selected positions in state institutions. Attention is paid to the privileged legal position of judges over other citizens. The issues described and the arguments presented in this article are entirely overlooked in the literature, as well as in public debate. What follows is an explanation of how TSUE rulings are interpreted differently by various public authorities. Reference is also made to the dictum of the Supreme Court judgment of 5 December 2019, which was issued in its Labour Law and Social Security Chamber. That process initiated specific actions and activities taken by individual groups of Supreme Court judges. Finally, the resolution of the combined three chambers of the Supreme Court on 23 January 2020, the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 20 April 2020, and divergent decisions regarding the implementation of the TSUE’s position of 8 April 2020 are discussed.

15

The Constitution and the membership of the Republic of Poland in the European Union

60%

Safjan M.

Contemporary Central and East European Law

|

2002

|

nr 125-132

17-34

EN

This article is about Polish Constitution and agreement on the topic of polish integration within European Union in future. Polish Lawyers try to make more coherence between Polish and European Union Laws. They try to make some necessary unifications . Most of Poles and especially polish political and juristic elites want to be part of European Union. But doubts within topic of law still remain.

16

Sprawozdanie z Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej pt. „Samorząd terytorialny w Polsce – przeszłość, teraźniejszość i przyszłość”. Warszawa, 14.04.2023 r.

60%

Rogala K. , Sitkowski Ł. , Sychowiec J.

Prawo w Działaniu

|

2023

|

nr 54

274-284

EN

The academic conference “Local government in Poland – past, present, and future” was held on 14 April 2023 at the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw and was organised by the Constitutional Law Academic Circle and the Warsaw Seminar on Axiology of Administration. The scope of the conference covered important, from the point of view of the functioning of the state, issues concerning the history, development and future of local government. It is worth emphasizing the fact of a multi-faceted view on the discussed issues. The report provides an overview of the papers presented by the speakers.

PL

Ogólnopolska Konferencja Naukowa „Samorząd terytorialny w Polsce – przeszłość, teraźniejszość, przyszłość” odbyła się 14.04.2023 r. na Wydziale Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie. Została zorganizowana przez Koło Naukowe Prawa Konstytucyjnego oraz Warszawskie Seminarium Aksjologii Administracji. Zakres konferencji obejmował istotne, z punktu widzenia funkcjonowania państwa, zagadnienia dotyczące historii, rozwoju oraz przyszłości samorządu terytorialnego. Warta podkreślenia jest wieloaspektowość spojrzenia na omawianą problematykę. Sprawozdanie w sposób przeglądowy przedstawia referaty wygłoszone przez prelegentów.

17

Zasada humanitaryzmu w krajowych i międzynarodowych standardach prawa penitencjarnego Krzysztof

57%

Chmielewski K. , Pająk M.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

|

2015

|

tom 5

55-68

EN

This paper points out the most important international and internal acts which refer to prisoners’ rights in the context of the principle of humanity. The first part describes the Polish situation with regards to constitutional principles of human dignity and freedom from unfair treatment. The second part focuses on international standards, and is divided into two groups: UN standards and European standards. This leads to the conclusions contained in the third section about respecting these articles in contemporary Polish penitentiary law and prisons.

18

Konstytucyjne ujęcie narodu polskiego

51%

Kowalski G.

Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL

|

2008

|

tom 4

|

nr 1 Prawo

43-72

EN

The notion of the nation has an interdisciplinary character. It is a subject of research, of such disciplines like ethnology, history, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science and others. That notion is also a legal term. Polish Constitution uses the notion of the nation in various meanings. On the one hand, the Constitution emphasises ethnic-cultural dimension of the Polish nation pointing out common history, descent, cultural tradition and language. On the other hand, the Constitution describes the nation in political category as the whole of Polish citizens, showing the nation as a subject of supreme power in the state and ways of its exercising. Therefore, reconstructing the notion of the nation on basis of constitutional regulations, one should take into account not only literal read but also the place, the context and the function of norms concerning the nation, which put emphasis on ethnic or political dimension of this notion.

19

The Legal Position of the National Bank of Poland as a Guardian of the Value of Money in the Light of Normative Determinants of Monetary Order

51%

Zdyb M.

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

|

2023

|

tom 32

|

nr 3

279-303

PL

Artykuł dotyczy problematyki o dużej doniosłości z punktu widzenia współczesnych wyzwań. Celem podstawowym jest identyfikacja problemów i instrumentów prawnych, które mają podstawowe znacznie w perspektywie określonych w ustawie o Narodowym Banku Polskim (NBP) oraz w art. 227 ust. 1 Konstytucji RP jego zadań dotyczących ochrony wartości pieniądza i utrzymania stabilnego poziomu cen. Istotne w tym kontekście jest zrozumienie problemu wartości pieniądza w ogóle i właściwe podejście do statusu prawnego NBP w kontekście budowania ładu pieniężnego oraz prawnych możliwości jego działania w tym zakresie. Niewątpliwie istotnym atrybutem NBP w tym zakresie jest prawnie gwarantowana jego niezależność od wszelkich organów państwa oraz wyartykułowanie w ramach systemu prawa jego podstawowych form działania. Podstawowe znaczenie dla problemu określonego w tytule artykułu ma niewątpliwie zrozumienie w praktyce działania NBP podstawowych instrumentów prawnych w zakresie ochrony wartości pieniądza. Należy do nich w szczególności zaliczyć: ustalanie i realizację polityki pieniężnej, zapobieganie nadmiernej inflacji oraz wzrostowi cen towarów i usług, a także wykorzystanie stóp procentowych w procesie stabilizacji wartości pieniądza i kształtowania cen. Oddzielnym problemem staje się kwestia emisji pieniądza, zwłaszcza gdy mamy do czynienia z jego dodrukowywaniem. W konkluzji należałoby stwierdzi, że troska o ład pieniężny jest kluczowym elementem budowania podstaw ładu gospodarczego, finansowego, socjalnego i prawnego w państwie. Chociaż artykuł koncentruje się i opiera na prawie polskim, to jednak posiada również wartość poznawczą ujmowaną w perspektywie ponadnarodowej. W pracy zastosowano przede wszystkim metodę dogmatyczną, a w mniejszym zakresie także inne metody.

EN

The article concerns an issue of great significance from the point of view of contemporary challenges. The primary objective is to identify problems and legal instruments which are of fundamental importance in the perspective of the central bank’s tasks concerning the protection of the value of money and the maintenance of a stable price level, as defined in the Act on the National Bank of Poland (the NBP) and in Article 227 (1) of the Polish Constitution. In this context, it is important to understand the problem of the value of money in general and to give due consideration to the legal status of the NBP in the context of building monetary order and the legal possibilities of its operation in this area. Undoubtedly, an important attribute of the NBP is its legally guaranteed independence from all state authorities and the formulation of its basic forms of action within the framework of the legal system. Fundamental to the problem identified in the title of this article is undoubtedly an understanding of the basic legal instruments used by the NBP to protect the value of money. These include in particular: the determination and implementation of monetary policy, the prevention of excessive inflation and the increase in the prices of goods and services, as well as the use of interest rates in the process of stabilizing the value of money and price formation. The question of issuing money, especially when we are dealing with money overprinting, becomes a separate problem. In conclusion, it should be stated that concern for monetary order is an essential element in building the foundations of economic, financial, social and legal order in the state. The work uses primarily the dogmatic method and, to a lesser extent, other methods as well.

20

Ochrona prawna wolności myśli, sumienia i wyznania

51%

Astramowicz-Leyk T. , Turchyn Y.

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego

|

2023

|

nr 2(72)

193-206

PL

Wolność myśli, sumienia i wyznania to jedna z podstawowych wolności jednostki, która musi być i jest chroniona przez prawo międzynarodowe i krajowe, co ukazano na przykładzie polskiej konstytucji. Pod pojęciem wolności sumienia kryje się prawo wyboru przez jednostkę ludzką swojego światopoglądu i prawo do jego zmiany. Wolność wyznania daje jednostce prawo do uzewnętrzniania i manifestowania poglądów i przekonań przysługujących jednostce w kwestiach religijnych indywidualnie i zbiorowo, prywatnie lub publicznie. Można tę wolność ograniczać, ale musi to być określone w ustawie i tylko w szczególnych okolicznościach. Polska w tym zakresie jest zgodna z prawem międzynarodowym.

EN

Freedom of thought, conscience and religion is one of the fundamental freedoms of individual, which has to be and is protected by international and national law, as shown on the example of the Polish Constitution. Freedom of conscience includes both the right of individual to choose the worldview and the right to change it. Freedom of religion ensures the right to express and manifest the views and convictions on religion individually and collectively, privately or publicly. Considering derogation of freedom of thought, conscience and religion, international law states that it may be restricted, but only in specific circumstances and under the legal act. The Polish Constitution is in line with international law in terms of restricting the above freedom.