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1 2022

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Teoria idei w kontekście nauki greckiej

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Dembiński B.

nr 1-4

45-66

The Platonic theory of ideas was recognized in Greek antiquity as an essential part of Plato’s philosophy. Already within his Academy, it was subjected to multiple interpretations. It is enough to mention Speusipus, Xenocrates, or Aristotle. This process continues until today. Such is the strength of this Platonic concept that each era must subject it to its own specific interpretation, taking into account the language, science, and philosophy at its disposal. Today, of course, with much time-created perspective, we can see some essential elements of Plato's proposal with greater clarity. In the article I consider the hypothesis that the mathematical solutions present in Greek science in Plato's time influenced his formulation of the theory of ideas. It also seems important to note that many important mathematical intuitions that appeared in later times can already be found in Plato. It seems that these intuitions had a serious influence on his philosophical thinking. This concerns, first of all, one of the basic concepts of Greek mathematics, the concept of symmetry. I would like to show the role of symmetry in the formulation and creation of Plato’s theory of ideas.