The theme of the value of work and of the importance of the work in human life in the People’s Republic of Poland was the subject of consideration of many scientific milieu of those times. What was in reality the position of the intelligentsia — both in social and economical spheres — in the postwar Poland? What were the possibilities of a choosing a profession, of obtaining an ideal position and developing one’s scientific career? How were their careers affected by their social class and their political views? What in the end was the priority or position of professional work in their private lives.
This article describes the dhikr practices in the Northern Sudan. It consists in various ecstatic prayers, dances, songs and litanies, in which God’s names are being repeated many times. These practices are well known all over the Muslim world. While in Europe they are popular called “dervish dances”. First, the role and fundamental — “classical” elements of the ritual are explained — in context of Muslim world and the Sudan alike. Afterwards the description of the dhikr is presented. The author — both being eye-witness of these practices and conducting interviews about them, gives descriptions of two different versions of the rite. In the second part of the article there is a confrontation of common and dissimilar items of both practices and a try for their interpretation. The text shows a complex role and different contexts of the dhikr in religious life of Sudanese society. It also portrays different forms, which this rite can adobe and strength of its expression.
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