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EN
The Social Insurance Institution is one of the most important institutions in Poland. Its action affects almost every one of us citizens. The role of ZUS in the existence and functioning of the Polish state is invaluable, so it is worthwhile to learn more about what it is and what it does. ZUS. In my work I wanted to present ZUS as an institution which supports people unable to work because it is a problem affecting many Polish citizens. At work I used mainly in the ZUS web site, which is a big mine of knowledge in the field of insurance.
PL
Głównym założeniem wprowadzonej w 2014 r. nowelizacji ustawy o ubezpieczeniu emerytalnym w Niemczech było ułatwienie przejęcia na emeryturę osobom, które w swej biografii zawodowej mogły wykazać się długoletnim stażem pracy wynoszącym 45 lat. Obniżono również dotychczasową granicę wieku umożliwiającą przejście na emeryturę o dwa lata, tj. z 65 do 63 lat. Reakcje przedsiębiorstw na tak postawione warunki polegały głównie na wypracowaniu strategii gwarantujących utrzymanie liczby wykwalifikowanych pracowników na dotychczasowym poziomie. Istotną przesłanką do ich wypracowania było posiadanie przez przedsiębiorstwa odpowiednich potencjałów elastycznego dostosowania.
EN
In 2014 the law on pension insurance in Germany has been updated. Its main assumption has been the simplification of the entry into retirement of people, who could prove in their career a working period of 45 years. Additionally, the age threshold allowing the move into retirement has been decreased by 2 years, this means from 65 to 63. The reactions of enterprises on these new conditions consisted in defining strategies guaranteeing the retention of a number of qualified employees on the previous level. The respective potential for flexible adjustment of the companies was a significant premise for the elaboration of their strategies.
EN
Over the past few decades, most countries around the world have been pressured to reform their conventional retirement systems in our time of rapid population ageing. An effective retirement reform would enable workers to remain in the workforce beyond conventional retirement age for as long as they desire, without their opportunities and decisions being institutionally constrained, so as to help them to secure resources necessary to maintain their socioeconomic wellbeing in later life. Japan deserves special attention in this context; having gone through the world’s fastest population ageing during the 1970s and 1980s, today Japan is far ahead of the rest of the world in this demographic shift. Amid aa global search for effective retirement reforms, while an increasing number of countries across the world have come to adopt an ‘age-free’ a ‘hyper-aged’ Japan has to date taken what may be referred to as an ‘age-friendly’ approach particularly in its policy efforts in the areas of mandatory retirement and public pension programs. This approach seems to have yielded a positive outcome; over the past few decades, older workers’ labor force participation rates have been steadily on the rise, and today the rates are higher than those in most other developed countries. This approach also has remained notably cautious of calling for a drastic reform, such as privatization, to the traditional public pension programs. Japan’s ‘age-friendly’ approach to retirement reform may exemplify a unique and more viable variation of retirement reforms for some other countries. Nonetheless, a continuous, closer and critical analysis of the effectiveness and long-term sustainability of Japan’s approach is called for in order for other rapidly ageing countries to examine whether it is worthwhile for them to follow in the future.
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