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Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils and Vegetation around Automobile Workshops in Owerri Metropolis

100%

Enete U. O. , Ekwuonu A. M. , Osunwa C. P.

World News of Natural Sciences

2022

tom 40

65-85

The heavy metal contamination of soils and vegetation around automobile workshops in Orji, Alaba Market, Nekede, akwakuma, Naze and Egbu in Owerri, Imo State were investigated using standard methods of chemical analysis and the results revealed that the automobiles workshops in Orji has the highest metal contamination of Cadmium, Zinc and Nickel with values of 0.0225±0.01 mg/kg, 1.3852±1.17 mg/kg and 0.1940±0.64 mg/kg respectively. While Akwakuma has the least metal contamination of Cadmium and Nickel with 0.0038±0.2 mg/kg and 0.0290±0.00 mg/kg respectively. Egbu has the least contamination of Zinc with 0.2455±0.11 kg/mg. The results also revealed that Nekede, Alaba Market, Egbu and Akwakuma have the highest metal contaminations of lead, Chromium, manganese and Iron with values of 0.5100 ±0.15 mg/kg, 0.1963±0.05 mg/kg, 0.4114±0.53 and 27.3597±0.54 mg/kg respectively while Alaba Market, Egbu, Akwakuma and Nekede automobile workshops have the least contaminations of lead, chromium, Manganese and Iron with values of 0.1056±0.08 mg/kg, 0.0374±0.05 mg/kg, 0.0698±0.01 mg/kg and 5.2916±1.09 mg/kg respectively. 0.1536±0.06 mg/kg of Copper was only detected in Nekede while Cadmium was not detected in Nekede and Orji automobile workshops. The observed amount of the metals in the soil samples could be attributed to the engineering activities going on at the auto mechanic workshop area since Zn is used as an additive in most auto lubricants. These contaminants if not properly controlled, could have adverse effect on the environment and as such, government and other relevant agencies should enact a legislature that will control and ensure that these metal pollutions do not constitute threat to human lives.

Mulching effects and nitrogen application on the performance of Zea mays L: crop growth and nutrient accumulation

80%

Oroka F. O.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

2016

tom 51

Maize is an agronomic cereal species that is sensitive to nutrient applications, especially nitrogen. Field experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and mulching using dried weeds on maize growth and nutrient accumulation. The study was located in the Research Farm of the Agricultural Science Education Unit of the Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria ((latitude 50 46’N and longitude 60 5’E). The experiment consist of eight (8) treatments (i) control (ii) 40kgNha-1 (iii) 80kgNha-1 (iv) 120kgNha-1 (v) 4.5t ha-1 Panicum maximum + 40kgNha-1 (vi) 4.5t ha-1 Pueraria phaseoloides + 40kgNha-1 (vii) 4.5t ha-1 Eleusine indica + 40kgNha-1 (viii) 4.5t ha-1 Stylosanthes gracilis + 40kgNha-1. The treatments were replicated three times. From research results, the combination of Pueraria phaseoloides with 40kgNha-1 showed higher maize plant height, foliage development attributes, shoot dry matter, crop growth indices and nutrient uptake compared to other combinations, while only nitrogen application of 120kgNha-1 recorded the highest in all the treatments. It can be concluded based on the results in this study, that legume based weeds as mulch can be supplemented with nitrogen to improve maize growth.

High light induced accumulation of two isoforms of the CF1 alpha-subunit in mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts of C4 plants

80%

Romanowska E. , Powikrowska M. , Zienkiewicz M. , Drozak A. , Pokorska B.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

2008

tom 55

nr 1

The effect of light irradiance on the amount of ATP synthase α-subunit in mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) chloroplasts of C4 species such as maize (Zea mays L., type NADP-ME), millet (Panicum miliaceum, type NAD-ME) and guinea grass (Panicum maximum, type PEP-CK) was investigated in plants grown under high, moderate and low light intensities equal to 800, 350 and 50 μmol photons m -2 s -1, respectively. The results demonstrate that α-subunit of ATP synthase in both M and BS chloroplasts is altered by light intensity, but differently in the investigated species. Moreover, we identified two isoforms of the CF1 α-subunit, called α and ά. The CF1 α-subunit was the major isoform and was present in all light conditions, whereas ά was the minor isoform in low light. A strong increase in the level of the ά-subunit in maize mesophyll and bundle sheath thylakoids was observed after 50 h of high light treatment. The α and ά-subunits from investigated C4 species displayed apparent molecular masses of 64 and 67 kDa, respectively, on SDS/PAGE. The presence of the ά-subunit of ATPase was confirmed in isolated CF1 complex, where it was recognized by antisera to the α-subunit. The N-terminal sequence of ά-subunit is nearly identical to that of α. Our results indicate that both isoforms coexist in M and BS chloroplasts during plant growth at all irradiances. We suggest the existence in M and BS chloroplasts of C4 plants of a mechanism(s) regulating the ATPase composition in response to light irradiance. Accumulation of the ά isoform may have a protective role under high light stress against over protonation of the thylakoid lumen and photooxidative damage of PSII.