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Palynological Study of the Campano-Maastrichtian Nkporo Group of Anambra Basin, Southeastern, Nigeria

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Chiadikobi K. C. , Chiaghanam O. I. , Onyemesili O. C. , Omoboriowo A. O.

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2018

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tom 20

31-53

EN

Palynological assemblages were used in the determination of the age and paleoenvironment of the Nkporo and Enugu Formations of the Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria. Palynological analysis carried out in over twenty-five samples (25) yielded spores, pollens and marine species. The main diagnostic species of spores and pollen recovered includes; Foveotriletes margaritae, Distaverrusporites simplex, Cingulatisporites ornatus, Echitriporites trianguliformis, Longapertites marginatus, Proteacidites segali, Monocolpites marginatus, Constructipollenites ineffectus, Buttinia andreevi, and Retidiporites which were dated to Late Campanian to Earliest Maastrichtian. Also, other sporomorphs includes; Longapertites marginatus (overwhelming abundance), Longapertites microfoveolatus, Longapertites vaneedenburgi, Spinizonocolpites baculatus, Foveotriletes margaritae, Distaverrusporites simplex, Cingulatisporites ornatus, Matonisporites equiexinus, Azolla marsulae, Mauritidiites crassibaculatus, Constructipollenites ineffectus, Echitriporites trianguliformis, Foveotriletes margaritae, and Leiotriletes minor were assigned to Early Maastrichtian. From the palynological analysis, the age-diagnostic index palynomorphs reveal that the Nkporo Group is within Late Campanian to Early Maastrichtian and the depositional environment is mostly marginal marine to marine.

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The Settlement and Economy of the Pyrzyce Lowland in the Pre-Roman and Roman Iron Ages

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Chmiel-Chrzanowska M. , Adamczyk M.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

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2022

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tom 70

115-136

EN

The article presents the results of research on the settlement of the Pyrzyce Lowland, NW Poland, in the Pre-Roman and Roman Iron Ages. The central part of this area was covered in the past by a large water body, pre-Miedwie lake, which due to natural processes and subsequent human intervention was partially drained. In order to carry out the research, 85 Pre-Roman and 305 Roman Iron Age sites were catalogued. The main method of researching the spatial organization was triangulation and subsequent polygon networking. The results of the spatial analysis were confronted with data from lake Racze’s palynological profile. Thanks to this procedure information was obtained on settlement structures, population, environment and economy, as well as their changes in time. The similarities and differences between the Pre-Roman and Roman Iron Ages were then discussed. During the research a strong suggestion of settlements having been relocated according to changes of the palaeo-shoreline of pre-Miedwie lake was concluded. Also, the change from inhabiting large and stable settlements in PRIA to single, often relocating farms in RIA was registered. There were no significant changes in terms of economy, which stayed diversified during the entire PRIA and RIA periods. The changes in anthropopression were most likely linked with changes in population size, reflecting 8 distinct phases of settlement in the area.

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Reconstruction of the sedimentary environment of phytogenic deposits in the Tomisławice opencast mine (Konin Region, central Poland)

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Słodkowska B. , Widera M.

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2022

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tom Vol. 66, No. 4

art. no. 34

EN

Palynological analysis of the Tomisławice opencast mine deposits has allowed reconstruction of the plant communities and investigation of the evolution of sedimentary environments at various stages of lignite-forming marsh development, recorded in the composition of pollen assemblages from deposits of the 1st Mid-Polish lignite seam (MPLS-1). Rich pollen communities from an ~9 m thick section has enabled study of the succession of plant communities and of the evolution of phytogenic sedimentation. The pollen succession indicates that the assemblages in the whole lignite seam represent the VIII Celtipollenites verus pollen Zone. Slight differences in the composition of the communities reflect different stages of basin development, depending more on the variable water dynamics than on climatic oscillations. Lignite of the MPLS-1 developed in a continental regime on alluvial plains. Changes in the succession of plant communities in the Tomisławice section record flooding-drainage cycles caused by groundwater level oscillations. Peat bog accumulation took place in river basins, in which the lack of siliciclastic intercalations within the massive lignite seams points to weak fluvial dynamics. A rise in groundwater level and/or surface water resulted in flooding of the marshes and the formation of an extensive shallow lake basin, as shown by the presence of freshwater algae and pollen of aquatic plants. The section as a whole does not record an increased contribution of thermophilic plant taxa. The flora was generally dominated by warm-temperate and thermophilic species, without the participation of strongly thermophilic vegetation, which indicates that the lignite seam in the Tomis³awice opencast mine was formed in the generally stable conditions of a warm temperate climate.

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Palynoflora and palaeoenvironment of the early Miocene palaeolake from the Bełchatów mine, central Poland

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Worobiec E. , Worobiec G.

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2022

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tom Vol. 66, No. 4

art. no. 32

EN

The Bełchatów lignite deposits are a rich archive allowing palaeoenvironmental, palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic reconstructions from the Neogene and Quaternary periods. We describe the results of palynological studies (including non-pollen palynomorphs) of eight samples from the lower Miocene KRAM-P 211/214 collection of plant macroremains. The results of this palynological analysis are consistent with the results of previous studies of plant macroremains and significantly enrich our knowledge of vegetation and palaeoenvironment. Both studies indicate the presence of a freshwater body (a moderately large and deep lake) surrounded by wetland vegetation (including swamp forests with Glyptostrobus, Taxodium, Nyssa and Osmunda) and upland mesophytic forests. Evergreen or at least semi-evergreen forest communities grew along the ancient shores of the lake and on the slopes of the Mesozoic calcareus rocks surrounding the lake. In the lake, green algae (Pediastrum, Tetraedron and some Botryococcus) and freshwater peridinoid dinoflagellates were major components of the algal community. The same lake was the source of previously identified animal remains: freshwater fishes, molluscs, and mammals, including Megachiroptera bats. Our analysis shows that the climate was subtropical and humid, with an estimated mean annual temperature of 16.8–17.8°C.