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KONSERWACJA ZAMKU W MALBORKU JAKO PRZYKŁAD KSZTAŁTOWANIA SIĘ DOKTRYNY KONSERWATORSKEJ

100%

Bukal G.

2008

nr 3

91-102

The Malbork Castle is an example of the subjugation of a historical monument and its conservation to ideological goals. After the first partition of Poland in 1772 Malbork found itself within the borders of the Prussian monarchy. The castle, up to then never intentionally destroyed, was pulled down and re-designed. The devastation was halted in 1803 thanks to the propaganda campaign launched by young German Romantics. Since 1817 the tide of patriotic upheaval favoured the castle's restoration, transforming Malbork into a national sanctuary of Prussia. Supervision over the work was entrusted to Karl Friedrich Schinkel. The architecture of the first stage in the restoration of Malbork was typical for Romantic historicism and linked Classical composition schemes with a neo-Gothic appearance. In the wake of the unification of Germany in 1871 the castle was to symbolise the German military 'Drang nach Osten' trend and comprise one of the monuments of the revived empire. From 1855 the castle was fortified, thus restoring its status of a fortress within the defensive system of Eastern Prussia. The second stage of the work (1882-1922) was steered by Conrad Emmanuel Steinbrecht, who adhered to the purist spirit represented by Viollet-le-Duc. The intention was to change the castle into an idealized symbolic seat of the Teutonic Knights. Only traces remain of Steinbrecht's work, destroyed in 1945, but we owe the present-day shape of Malbork to his vision. Taking into consideration the historical context of the existence and annihilation of the castle, the decisions of the Polish authorities concerning its reconstruction reflect an astoundingly pragmatic approach and far-sightedness. They became part of the Polonisation and re-Polonisation of monuments of value from the propaganda viewpoint and obtained due to the altered shape of the territory of the Polish state in 1945. In this respect, contemporary Malbork remains an ideological monument fulfilling political functions. From the technical and conservation viewpoint the remnants of mediaeval and nineteenth-century architecture have been reintegrated and restored. Today, these salvaged remnants contain the value and authenticity of Malbork as a monument of European culture. All other components are contemporary supplements, which, however, are already assuming the status of monuments. They carry a clear-cut message and deserve to be protected against the pseudo-conservation and architectural neo-historicism, inspired by political and economic conditions, which results in the devastation of monuments or their reduction to the level of tawdry and media-oriented attractions.

Wstępne nieniszczące badania posadzki i ścian w Pałacu Wielkich Mistrzów na zamku średnim w Malborku

75%

Drobiec Ł. , Kozłowska S.

Przegląd Budowlany

2024

tom R. 95, nr 1-2

60--66

Zamek w Malborku jest najpotężniejszą twierdzą średniowiecznej Europy. Jego niezwykłe walory historyczno-artystyczne doceniono w 1997 roku, wpisując obiekt na listę Światowego Dziedzictwa Kulturowego UNESCO. Niestety tak stary obiekt wciąż jest narażony na powstawanie uszkodzeń. Przed trzydziestoma laty konieczne było kompleksowe wzmocnienie posadowienia północno-zachodniej ściany Wielkiego Refektarza na Zamku Średnim. Obecnie zarysowania ścian i sklepień występują w południowo-wschodniej części Pałacu Wielkich Mistrzów. Wystąpienie uszkodzeń w tak unikatowym obiekcie należy traktować bardzo poważnie. W artykule opisano wyniki wstępnych nieniszczących badań posadzek piwnicznych i ścian wykonanych w rejonie uszkodzeń. Na podstawie analizy uzyskanych wyników wskazano dalsze kierunki koniecznych prac diagnostycznych.

Malbork Castle is the largest castle in medieval Europe. Its extraordinary historical and artistic values were appreciated in 1997, when the castle was entered on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Unfortunately, such an old building is still vulnerable to damage. Thirty years ago, it was necessary to comprehensively strengthen the foundation of the north-western wall of the Great Refectory in the Middle Castle. Currently, the walls and vaults are scratched in the south-eastern part of the Palace of the Grand Masters. The occurrence of damage in such a unique object should be treated very seriously. The article describes the results of preliminary non-destructive tests of basements floor and wall coatings made in the area of damage. On the basis of the analysis of the obtained results, further directions of necessary diagnostic work were indicated.