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2012
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tom 10
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nr 1
77-83
EN
Currently, not to be underestimated is the role of local governments in the field of environmental protection. It is on their different levels that local authorities determine the efficiency of setting environmental standards for local communities. The efficient implementation of regional operational programs determines the possibility of implementing the principles of sustainable development.
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nr 5(94)
129-138
EN
The article attempts to answer the question of effectiveness of the constitutional provisions (which exist for more then ten years in Polish legal order) aimed at maintaining the balance in public finances. As this balance has been threatened by the economic crisis, there is a need for assessment whether the regulations contained in Polish Constitution provide sufficient safeguards for one of the fundamental values, i.e. financial stability of the State. The issues of possible growth of budget deficit and further increase of national debt have become the subject of heated political debate. The existing constitutional limitations in this field, imposed on the legislative and executive branches of power, raise controversy due to their restrictive character. In these circumstances, any attempts to further limit this freedom should be subject to careful examination in order to prevent violation of fundamental principles affecting the functioning of the state ruled by law. Of particular importance, in this context, is the conclusion of work on a government bill on public finances. The bill contains provisions to enable practical accomplishment of the values enshrined in the Constitution aimed at maintaining financial stability of the State. The article presents assessment of legal regulations contained in the above-mentioned bill, concerning in particular the so-called precautionary and sanative procedures. Their effective functioning, in face of a dramatic increase in the public debt, deserve more attention.
EN
This is a study of so far unknown facts about the activities of Milan Hodža in the financial sector of Czechoslovakia from 1918 until 1938. Before World War I, Hodža was trying to establish a strong Slovak bank in Budapest, but failed. This period of his Professional endeavours has already been extensively documented. However, only very limited attention has been paid to his similar activities in the newly founded Czechoslovakia. The available information is only about his screening of the market situation. Deeper examination is undertaken by the author, and shows that Hodža put a significant effort into pressuring the banks to merge. His tactic included extortion, corruption and bribery, even undemocratic governmental decisions. Between 1918 and 1938, Hodža managed to create a central monetary institution of public finances, and subordinated it to function in line with the economic interests of his own political party.
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