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MODERN FORMS OF PREJUDICE. DISCURSIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

100%

Bilewicz M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

2004

tom 48

nr 1

51-68

The article examines the theory and methods of analysing discursive forms of prejudice. Contemporary forms of prejudice are usually sensitive to the norms of political correctness. This is the reason why traditional measures of prejudice do not detect real attitudes. This article shows different approach, based on linguistics (van Dijk's critical discourse analysis, CDA), pragmatics (discriminatory speech acts), critical psychology (discursive social psychology) and social-cognition (linguistic intergroup bias, LIB). All of these perspectives present attitudes in argumentative context and examine intergroup uses of various forms of language. Finally, a case of modern Polish anti-Semitism is presented as a model issue for future application of presented methods.

Jak bezpowrotnie stłumić myśli o alkoholizmie niedźwiedzia? Pomyśleć o jego kumplu – niealkoholiku

80%

Sedek G. , Piber-Dąbrowska K.

Psychologia Społeczna

2006

tom 1

nr 2(2)

151-163

This article describes the results of two studies which examine the new methods of effective suppressing of stereotypic thoughts. In both studies the participants read the characteristics of the two men - one of them is mentioned as being an alcoholic - and the participants' task is to describe the typical day of both men. In the first study they began with the description of non-alcoholic buddy, in the second study, they began with the description of the alcoholic. In both experiments the mental suppression of stereotypical thoughts was manipulated. Next they were examined on recognition test of memory details about those persons. The findings of both studies showed that participants were able to suppress the stereotypical associations.

ANTI-SEMITISM: AN INDIVIDUAL ATTITUDE OR A CULTURAL NORM?

80%

Sekerdej M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

2008

tom 52

nr 2

157-175

This article considers the phenomenon of social stereotypes and whether they can be measured, analysed and interpreted, using the stereotypes adopted for Jews in Poland. The stereotype is presented as complex concept which has many aspects at the structural, functional and operational levels. In all these aspects of particular importance is the differentiation between individual convictions and the collective stereotype which normally partly reflects the rules prevailing in a given community. This differentiation can be observed in the phenomenon of anti-semitism which seems to rather more completely function at the collective/national level, while at the individual level it virtually disappears - which is illustrated in the literature discussed on the subject. This phenomenon is also discussed from a psychological, historic and social point of view.

Romowie i historia Metahistoryczne problemy historiografi i grupy mniejszościowej

70%

Kapralski S.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

2011

tom 47

nr 2(188)

239-263

The main question of the article is why, until very recently, there has been a relative lack of interest in the modern history of Romanis/Gypsies among the historians and the Romani people themselves. According to the author, this situation is conditioned by three groups of factors: the economic and educational situation of Romani communities, certain characteristic features of the traditional Romani culture, and the attitudes of societies among which Romanis live. Studying the last group of factors the author has employed the perspective of postcolonial theory and approached the history of the Roma as 'erased' and 'muted' in the process of 'differential deprivation of history', to subsequently outline the social and cultural mechanisms of that process. In the following sections, the author has commented on the complicated relation between history as written recently by Romanis themselves and national mythology as well as on the lack of the social frames of memory of the annihilation of Romanis during World War II.

THE EVOLUTION OF ETHNOCENTRISM

51%

Marosan G.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

2008

tom 63

nr 4

709-731

The article - based on the latest results - reconstruct the main steps of evolution ethnocentrism. It identifies the most important stages of the development of ethnocentrism within the societies. In the past years - besides analyzing the other-regarding behavior - more and more experiments were carried out to examine definitely the effect of ethnocentric behavior, and the formation of this kind of behavior during the socialization. The article argues that it is useful to differentiate between the stages of emergence of ethnocentrism. Analyzing the complex phenomena of ethnocentric behavior one can separate as distinct stages the emergence of the ethnocentric psychological attitude, than stereotyping and prejudices, and finally the emergence of complex ethnocentric ideology, as a social institution.